诺氟沙星粉剂治疗压疮的疗效观察

将64例压疮病人随机分为两组。观察组32例用诺氟沙星粉剂洒于无菌纱布上贴敷于创面；对照组32例用乳酸环丙沙星粉剂加生理盐水拌成糊状湿敷创面。结果观察组有效率100％，对照组85．0％。两组比较χ2＝27．29，P＜0．05，观察组疗效显著优于对照组。     

脑出血患者微创治疗与开颅手术治疗效果比较

目的 比较微创治疗与手术治疗脑出血患者的临床疗效.方法 2002-03～2005-03收住我院的102例脑出血患者,其中开颅血肿清除术48例,微创穿刺清除术52例.结果 2组的病死率和HDL分级指数均有统计学意义.结论 微创穿刺清除术可明显改善高血压性脑出血的预后,提高生存质量.     

肺心病病人的夜间观察与护理

慢性肺源性心脏病(简称肺心病)，是由于支气管、肺、胸廓或肺动脉的慢性病变所致肺循环阻力增加，肺动脉高压进而使右心室肥厚、扩大，甚至发生右心功能衰竭的心脏病。其合并症多，病死率较高，病情复杂多变，尤其是夜间子夜时分，肺心病患者病情加重者较多。因此夜间病情观察非常重要。早期发现病情变化，给予及时处理是抢救成功的关键。     

先天性一侧肺动脉缺如的电子束CT诊断

目的 评价电子束CT(EBCT)诊断先天性一侧肺动脉缺如的价值。方法 对经平片、超声心动图检查后拟诊为肺血管疾病或原发性肺动脉高压的患者行EBCT检查，EBCT诊断先天性一侧肺动脉缺如的11例患者入选，并与超声心动图、核素通气灌注扫描、心血管造影的检查结果作进一步的比较及评估。结果 单发一侧肺动脉缺如4例，均为女性成年人。合并多发心血管畸形7例，其中合并复杂畸形3例，均为男性儿童和左肺动脉缺如；合并单发心血管畸形4例，其中3例为右肺动脉缺如。结论 (1)儿童时期明确诊断的一侧肺动脉缺如多合并有心血管畸形，且左肺动脉缺如多见，成年人明确诊断的单发一侧肺动脉缺如多为右肺动脉缺如。(2)EBCT对先天性一侧肺动脉缺如的诊断有较高的实用价值，较之多普勒超声更为准确，与心血管造影各具独特优势，但EBCT为无创检查是其特点。     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

臂伸展位压迫止血法在静脉采血后的应用

目的探讨臂伸展位止血法在静脉采血后的应用。方法将门诊妇产科行静脉采血的病人共3076人分为观察组和对照组。观察组用臂伸展位压迫止血法,对照组用臂弯回压止血法,分别统计2组病人皮下出血病例数。结果观察组皮下出血比对照组明显减少,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.23,P<0·01)。结论对采血后病人使用臂伸展压迫止血法止血效果好,产生局部血肿的可能性大大降低,显著优于臂弯回压止血法。     

视网膜大动脉瘤

患者女性，76岁。因左眼视力突然下降5d，于2005年5月25日来我院就诊。高血压病史十余年，药物控制血压平稳。眼科检查：视力右眼0.9，左眼0.06；眼压正常；双眼晶状周边皮质轻度混浊；双眼底视网膜动脉细，反光增强，可见动静脉交叉压迹，左眼黄斑区偏下方可见约6 PD大小近圆形视网膜前出血（精粹图片1）。     

自制防压疮圈的设计与应用

压疮的预防是临床护理的难点之一，胸外科ICU患者压疮发生的常见原因为手术之后疼痛害怕翻身、全麻未清醒、被迫体位等。压疮预防的方法为保持床铺的整洁、定时更换体位、睡气垫床等。本研究针对肘关节与足跟的压疮，采用自制的防压疮圈来预防，现报道如下。     

体外循环下单肺移植术后心脏压塞1例

肺移植术后主要以感染 ,排斥反应和气道方面的并发症为主。术后心脏压塞则较少见 ,本文报告1例。1　病例报告患者　男 ,2 8岁。患双肺弥漫性纤维化 ,肺功能严重受损。 1997年 9月 30日在全麻体外循环下接受同种异体左肺移植手术 ,术中因胸内粘连甚重渗血较多 ,移植后供肺膨胀良好 ,原有的肺动脉高压即降至正常 ,氧合功能明显改善。经严重止血后回ＩＣＵ ,通过Ｓｗａｎ -Ｇａｎｚ导管及桡动脉测压管连接压力监测仪和心电监护仪 (ＳｐａｃｅＬａｂ 90 30 3Ｂ)连续监测血压 ,心率 ,中心静脉压 (ＣＶＰ) ,每小时尿量和胸管引流量 ,定时床旁胸片…