利培酮口崩片联合丙戊酸钠缓释片对老年躁狂症患者的治疗探讨

目的探讨利培酮口崩片联合丙戊酸钠缓释片对老年躁狂症的治疗效果。方法选取128例老年躁狂症患者按就诊顺序分成研究组和对照组各64例。对照组采用丙戊酸钠缓释片进行治疗,研究组在对照组治疗的基础上另给予利培酮口崩片。对比两组的治疗效果及不良反应。结果研究组治疗的总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应分级无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论利培酮口崩片联合丙戊酸钠缓释片可有效的提高对老年躁狂症患者的治疗效果。     

经梨状肌和臀小肌间隙入路行全髋关节置换对老年髋部骨折的治疗效果及病人生存质量的影响

目的探究经梨状肌和臀小肌的间隙入路行全髋关节置换对老年髋部骨折的治疗效果及病人生存质量的影响。方法选取96例老年髋部骨折病人(108髋)为本研究对象，其中50例病人(55髋)行后外侧入路全髋关节置换术为A组，46例病人(53髋)行经梨状肌和臀小肌间隙入路全髋关节置换术为B组，记录对比2组病人围手术期情况(手术时间、切口最大长度、术中出血量、术后下地时间)、并发症情况、术前术后髋关节HHS评分、VAS疼痛评分和下肢功能变化情况、术后6个月病人影像学指标情况(外展角、前倾角、偏心距)和生存质量情况(以SF-36量表表示)。结果A组病人手术时间、切口长度短于B组，术后首次下地时间长于B组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)；A组病人术后1、3、7 d的HISS评分低于B组，VAS评分高于B组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)，2组病人术前、术后14、30、90、180 d的HISS和VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；B组病人术后30、90 d“起立-行走”计时测试显著优于A组，术后30 d单腿站立测试时间长于A组，术后90 d的6 min步行测试距离优于A组(P < 0.05)，其他时间点2组病人下肢功能情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；A组前倾角小于B组，偏心距大于B组(P < 0.05)；B组病人SF-36评分量表肢体功能、社会功能、心理健康和总健康程度得分均优于A组(P < 0.05)。结论相比于传统后外侧入路行全髋关节置，经梨状肌与臀小肌间隙入路对老年髋部骨折病人的损伤更小、恢复更快，近期疗效指标显著优于传统术式，符合快速康复理念，但手术时长显著增加，病人术后前倾角偏大，偏心距偏小。     

布地奈德合BiPAP治疗老年支气管哮喘并呼吸衰竭疗效观察

目的:探讨布地奈德联合双水平呼吸道正压通气(BiPAP)治疗老年支气管哮喘合并呼吸衰竭患者的疗效。方法:选取我院2016年10月～2018年9月收治的老年支气管哮喘合并呼吸衰竭患者74例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组37例。对照组采用BiPAP治疗,观察组采用BiPAP+布地奈德治疗,观察比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后肺功能及血气分析各指标变化情况。结果:观察组治疗总有效率94.59%(35/37),高于对照组的75.68%(28/37)(P0.05);治疗后观察组最大呼吸峰值(PEF)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积率(FEV1%)水平高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)低于对照组,动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:布地奈德联合BiPAP治疗老年支气管哮喘合并呼吸衰竭患者可改善患者血气分析指标水平,促进患者肺功能恢复,效果显著。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中临床价值

目的观察适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中的临床价值。方法选取自2016年1月至2018年6月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治的121例老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象。所有患者均接受呼吸机治疗,根据机械通气模式不同,将患者分入A组(同步间歇指令通气,n=60)和B组(适应性支持通气,n=61)。比较两组患者的呼吸动力学相关指标(呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压、第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性),呼吸机撤机时间和撤机成功率,不同时间点(通气前、通气2 h、拔管前)血气分析值(pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压)。结果 B组患者呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压均低于A组,第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性均高于A组。两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组患者呼吸机撤机时间短于A组,撤机成功率高于A组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者通气前、通气2 h、拔管前的pH值、氧分压呈逐渐上升趋势,二氧化碳分压呈逐渐下降趋势;本组3个时间点的pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中采用适应性支持通气模式,可促进患者自主呼吸功能恢复,减少通气时间,提高撤机成功率,安全性较好。     

右美托咪定对全身麻醉老年患者术后苏醒期躁动及认知功能的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对全身麻醉老年患者术后苏醒期躁动及认知功能的影响。方法随机将64例全身麻醉下实施择期下腹部手术的老年患者分为2组,每组32例。观察组麻醉诱导前静脉微泵输注右美托咪定(1.0μg/kg),对照组给予等容量生理盐水。比较2组术后自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、苏醒期躁动发生率及手术前后的认知功能(MMSE)评分。结果 2组术前MMSE评分及术后自主呼吸恢复的时间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后苏醒时间短于对照组,苏醒期躁动发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12 h及48 h,2组MMSE评分均较术前显著降低,但对照组的MMSE评分显著低于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定用于全身麻醉老年患者,可降低苏醒期躁动发生率,提高苏醒质量和改善认知功能。     

多种加温模式联合应用对老年中低位直肠癌患者术后凝血指标的影响

目的探讨多种加温模式联合应用对老年中低位直肠癌患者术后凝血指标的影响。方法选取收治的老年中低位直肠癌手术患者243例,按入院时间分为对照组121例和研究组122例,对照组实施常规保温干预,研究组于对照组基础上实施多种加温模式联合应用干预,观察比较两组干预前后凝血酶时间、活化部分凝血酶原时间、凝血酶原时间及并发症发生率、护理工作满意度。结果干预前,两组凝血酶时间、活化部分凝血酶原时间、凝血酶原时间比较,无明显差异(P0.05);干预后研究组凝血酶时间、活化部分凝血酶原时间、凝血酶原时间显著短于对照组(P0.05);研究组术后并发症发生率(0.82%)显著低于对照组(8.26%)(P0.05);研究组护理工作满意度(95.08%)显著对照组(80.99%)(P0.05)。结论对老年中低位直肠癌患者实施多种加温模式联合应用干预,能改善凝血指标,减少术后寒战等并发症,提升护理工作满意度。