苗药酢浆草药材的质量标准研究

目的:完善和提高苗药酢浆草药材的质量标准,为其深度开发提供科学依据。方法:以采集自贵州、安徽、河南等地的12批酢浆草药材为样品。观察其药材粉末的显微特征;按2015年版《中国药典》(四部)通则相关方法,对其进行薄层色谱(TLC)鉴别[展开剂为三氯甲烷-甲醇-甲酸(8:1:0.1,V/V/V)]和水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分及醇溶性浸出物的含量测定;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定其中异牡荆苷含量[色谱柱为Venusil XBP C18(L),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(15:85,V/V),流速为1 mL/min,柱温为35℃,检测波长为338 nm,进样量为10μL]。结果:显微观察可见,本品粉末呈灰褐色至黄褐色,具有非腺毛甚多、纤维纹孔明显等特点;TLC鉴别结果显示,在供试品色谱上与对照药材色谱相应位置显相同颜色的斑点;12批药材的水分含量为6.66%～12.13%,总灰分含量为9.16%～13.79%,酸不溶性灰分含量为1.58%～4.63%,醇溶性浸出物含量为5.22%～15.79%;HPLC测定结果显示,异牡荆苷质量浓度在5.20～78.3μg/mL范围内与其峰面积具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 0),重复性(n=9)、中间精密度(n=6)、稳定性(24 h,n=6)试验的RSD均<2.0%,加样回收率为97.54%～99.52%(RSD=0.74%,n=6),12批酢浆草药材中异牡荆苷的含量为0.036%～0.144%(n=3)。结论:本研究建立了苗药酢浆草定性、定量鉴别的方法,对提升酢浆草药材的质量标准有一定参考价值。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

辛味中药在治疗消渴证中的应用价值及中药五味理论现代研究的思考

辛味是中药五味学说中的重要性味之一,通常具有“发散”“行气”和“行血”的作用,且辛味中药在传统医学临床应用中占有较大比例。结合中药辛味的功效内涵及传统中医理论对消渴证的认识,阐述辛味中药与消渴证治疗之间的内在联系,总结辛味中药对“消渴三消”的治疗意义与价值。并在此基础上,对中药五味理论的现代研究趋势和发展方向进行思考,为同行研究提供参考。     

肝细胞癌TACE术后病灶存活或复发18F-FDGPET/CT和增强CT诊断价值Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析方法评价¹⁸F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机体层摄影(¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT)和增强CT(CECT)诊断经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后存活或复发病灶的临床价值。方法根据PRISMA报告规范开展Meta分析。检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普数据库中¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT和CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的临床研究,时间至2019-04。由2位研究人员独立筛选文献、提取资料,根据诊断准确性研究质量评价工具-2(QUADAS-2)评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算其汇总敏感度(Sen)和特异度(Spe),绘制受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果共纳入10篇¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT及13篇CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的原始研究,分别包括322例患者的467个病灶和748例患者的943个病灶。Meta分析显示,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.92(95%CI为0.87~0.94)、Spe=0.95(95%CI为0.82~0.99)、AUC=0.97(95%CI为0.93~0.99);CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.72(95%CI为0.66~0.78)、Spe=0.99(95%CI为0.93~1.00)、AUC=0.87(95%CI为0.83~0.89)。此外,CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发Sen(Z=2.34,P=0.02)和AUC(Z=2.21,P=0.03)值低于¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT,差异有统计学意义。结论相比于CECT,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对TACE术后存活或复发病灶具有较高诊断效能,可视为TACE术后存活或复发病灶有效的影像学诊断方法。     

脑卒中偏瘫患者的神经电生理研究

目的研究脑卒中偏瘫患者周围神经的神经电生理变化。方法选择南昌大学第三附属医院脑卒中偏瘫患者180例,3～7 d、6个月进行肢体神经传导、针极肌电图、交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)测定。结果 180例患脑卒中偏瘫患者急性期1例检测出双侧腓肠神经传导速度减慢,针极肌电图正常;病程6个月时,56例出现NCV异常,运动神经总异常率为3.6%,感觉神经总异常率6.4%,SCV异常率高于MCV异常率。肌电图:①患侧:21例出现插入电位延长,18例有自发电位;②健侧:4例出现插入电位及自发电位。SSR:脑卒中偏瘫患者急性期、病程6个月时,健侧、患侧SSR潜伏期、波幅与正常值比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而健侧潜伏期、波幅及患侧潜伏期、波幅比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。6个月与急性期对比,患侧及健侧下肢、健侧上肢潜伏期差异有统计学意义(P0.01),患侧上肢潜伏期及所有肢体波幅差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脑卒中偏瘫患者在病程6个月出现周围神经损害,SCV异常率高于MCV异常率,而在急性期出现SSR抑制、自主神经功能异常。     

微创经皮椎弓根置钉和传统开放置钉治疗无神经系统症状胸腰椎骨折患者的效果对比

目的：研究微创经皮椎弓根置钉治疗无神经系统症状胸腰椎骨折患者的效果。方法：选取我院2018年1月~2018年11月收治的83例胸腰椎骨折患者为研究对象，随机分为对照组和观察组，对照组31例、观察组52例。对照组采用传统后路开放式置钉，观察组采用微创经皮椎弓根置钉。比较两组手术相关指标、置钉合格率、椎体前缘高度、Cobb角及矢状面指数。结果：观察组手术时间、切口长度、出血量、下地时间均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），观察组置钉合格率为95.67%，明显高于对照组87.50%（P＜0.05）。手术前，两组椎体前缘高度、Cobb角、矢状面指数比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）；手术后，观察组椎体前缘高度、矢状面指数高于对照组，Cobb角低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：微创经皮椎弓根置钉能够促进胸腰椎骨折患者伤椎高度的恢复，加速术后脊柱功能的恢复，术中更加安全，治疗效果更佳。