锁骨上神经营养血管皮瓣的应用解剖

目的为临床应用锁骨上神经营养血管皮瓣提供解剖学依据。方法在36侧经股动脉插管灌注红色乳胶溶液的成人尸体标本上,对锁骨上神经营养血管的横径、长度及穿深筋膜点的位置,进行了观测,并在标本上模拟手术设计。结果锁骨上神经营养血管包括颈升动脉肌皮支、颈横动脉颈段皮支、胸廓内动脉穿支、胸肩峰动脉胸肌支与肩峰支皮动脉,其穿深筋膜点外径分别为0.75、1.12、1.36、0.70、0.79mm;且穿深筋膜点位置相对恒定,节段性地分布于锁骨上神经,为整段皮神经提供营养。结论以上述节段动脉为蒂,设计锁骨上神经营养血管皮瓣。     

带隐神经筋膜交腿皮瓣修复膝前皮肤缺损

膝前皮肤缺损临床上较为常见,根据不同的创面应用不同的修复方法大多数都可以较好地一期修复.但是,有很多病例由于局部损伤严重,无法应用局部转移皮瓣修复,而应用游离皮瓣时,受区又无知名血管,即使很多病例应用皮瓣修复后,经过一段时间负重摩擦后,出现破溃,其主要原因是修复的皮瓣中没有感觉神经.故膝前严重皮肤缺损的修复并恢复其感觉是一个关键性问题.我院自1997～2002年应用对侧隐神经走行区的筋膜皮瓣将隐神经包含在皮瓣内修复对侧膝前皮肤缺损11例,效果满意.报道如下.     

SAINTI试验中NXY-059治疗急性缺血性卒中的附加终点和亚组分析结果

NXY-059是一种已经证实能够减轻缺血性卒中残疾的自由基捕捉性神经保护剂。英国格拉斯哥西方医院急性卒中单元和脑血管门诊部的Lees等对SAINTI试验中的附加终点指标和敏感性分析进行分析以证实这些研究结果。     

副神经移位膈神经后膈肌运动诱发电位与病理学对照研究

[目的]探讨副神经移位膈神经重建高位颈髓损伤大鼠呼吸功能后膈肌的病理学变化及膈肌运动诱发电位(motion evoked potential,MEP)的特点。[方法]健康雄性SD大鼠60只。随机分为1～6个月6个时间组。取下颈部正中切口,将双侧副神经在锁骨下水平发出内、外侧支之前切断,移位缝接膈神经干起始部。术后第1～6个月各组样本取颈后正中切口,切除C3全椎板充分显露颈髓并于C3、4水平锐性横断。证实胫前肌MEP完全消失后,于两侧腋前线肋下缘作切口,显露该处膈肌腹腔侧。直视下将同心针电极于腋前线第9肋骨下缘垂直胸壁插入膈肌肋部,监测其MEP的变化。然后完整取出膈肌,于电子天平称重。并于右侧腋前线顺膈肌肌纤维方向切取2 mm宽肌条行HE染色。分析膈肌肌纤维截面积的变化。[结果]神经移位后随着时间延长,大鼠膈肌MEP潜伏期逐渐缩短,波幅逐渐增大。6个月组MEP波幅为(6.35±0.51)mV,潜伏期为(3.41±0.36)m s。同时,膈肌逐渐饱满,肌重逐渐恢复,6个月为正常对照组的(97.23±4.07)%。肌纤维截面积也逐渐增大,6个月组达(1 741±439)μm2为正常对照组(1 809±461)μm2的(98.28±3.65)%。6个月组的各数据与对照组比无显著差异(P>0.05)。[结论]从电生理及病理学来看副神经可作为运动神经移位膈神经重建高位颈髓损伤后呼吸功能。     

弥散张量成像对胶质瘤手术风险的评估

Objective To elucidate the clinical significance of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) mainly used for protecting neurological functions in patients with gliomas. Methods Thirty - eight patients with gliomas were recruited to undergo DTI test and assess the status of neurological functions before and after surgery. According to the relationships between gliomas and adjacent white matter(WM) tracts, DTI can be classfied as the following types : type Ⅰ - displacement; type Ⅱ - Infiltration; type Ⅲ - Disruption. The neurological functions before surgery were compared in three groups,as well as the change of neurological functions after surgery was also compared in three groups. Results There were 14 cases in type Ⅰ , 16 cases in type Ⅱ, and 8 cases in type Ⅲ. There were significant difference between DTI types and preoperative neurological functions, as well as between DTI types and the change of postoperative neurological functions ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions DTI allows to visualizate the relationships of gliomas and adjacent WM tracts, which represent the different growth patterns of gliomas. It is useful for neurosurgeons to select suitable surgical approaches and determine appropriate extent of resection.     

当归、地塞米松、布比卡因复合治疗肩周炎的疗效观察

肩周炎发病缓慢，病程长，口服药效不理想，长期应用非甾体类消炎止痛药有消化道溃疡、出血等副作用；外檫剂、贴剂、按摩、火罐等方法不能达到深部组织解除疼痛和松解肌肉；针灸疗法虽能进入深部组织刺激神经感受器起治疗作用，但必须每日治疗，疗程长。神经阻滞法治疗肩周炎是目前较理想的一种治疗法，     

脑源性神经营养因子信号转导在神经病理性疼痛中的作用

神经病理性疼痛是一种常见并且严重影响人类健康的疾病,甚至可导致病人最终失去行动能力,全世界受此病困扰着达数百万人,因此成为神经科学研究的一个重要问题,但具体机制还不清楚。目前已经知道,神经病理性疼痛是由于手术等造成的神经损伤或糖尿病、带状疱疹、艾滋病,以及部分肿瘤等疾病产生的外周神经功能异常所引起,患者出现痛觉敏感的现象,对轻微的皮肤触摸产生较痛苦的感觉。目前对神经病理性疼痛的预防和治疗措施有限,因此加强在该领域的研究具有十分重要的意义。经过许多科学家的努力,最近的一系列研究表明一种神经营养因子———脑源…     

头皮丛状神经纤维瘤2例

1病历摘要病例1：女，22岁。发现头部肿物6个月。体格检查：左颞顶枕及右枕有一大小约15cm×10cm的肿物。皮肤表面呈淡褐色，有斑块状色素沉着，其中左颞顶部皮肤粗糙、皱褶；肿物下坠，类似橡皮肿，边界不清，活动度差，质地极为柔软，触之如棉絮，无波动感。CT示肿物为软组织及液体密度影，颅骨完整。[第一段]     

重视膀胱癌淋巴管浸润和淋巴结转移的研究

转移是膀胱癌患者死亡的主要原因,且早期以淋巴结转移为主。T2 期膀胱癌约 50%淋巴管内有癌细胞,T3 期几乎全部淋巴管内有癌细胞。残存的肿瘤细胞淋巴管浸润是肿瘤切除术后复发的根源,明显的淋巴结转移更是患者预后不良的重要危险因素。然而膀胱癌淋巴管浸润和淋巴结转移的     

Sympathetic skin response in patients with myasthenia gravis★ A comparative analysis

BACKGROUND: The examination of sympathetic skin response is an important index for assessing the autonomic nerve function, and patients with myasthenia gravis are always accompanied by dysautonomia. Therefore, it will be important to know whether sympathetic skin response can be used as the index for the clinical evaluation of myasthenia gravis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of sympathetic skin response in the damage of autonomic nerve function of patients with myasthenia gravis. DESIGN: A case-controlled comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Neurology and Room of Nerve Electromyogram, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty outpatients or inpatients with myasthenia gravis were selected from the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from May 2006 to May 2007, including 9 males and 21 females, aged 8–72 years with a mean age of (28±5) years old. They were all accorded with the diagnostic standards of myasthenia gravis, accompanied by different severity of autonomic nerve symptoms, including poor skin nutrition, sweating of hands and feet, pyknocardia, persistent hypotension, abdominal pain, constipation, etc. They all had not taken any drug affecting the autonomic nerve function before the examination. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients. Meanwhile, 30 healthy physical examinees were enrolled as the normal control group, including 10 males and 20 females, aged 10–75 years with a mean age of (31±5) years old. Approval was obtained from the hospital ethic committee. METHODS: After admission, the patients were examined with sympathetic skin response using DANTEC keypoint 2.0 electromyography evoked potential apparatus (Danmark). The changes of the latency and wave amplitude of sympathetic skin response were observed. The subjects in the normal control group were examined with the same methods at physical examination. Abnormality was judged by the disappearance of wave form, latency longer than that in the normal control group by Mean±2.5SD, or wave amplitude lower than the average value in the normal control group by 50%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of the latency and wave amplitude of sympathetic skin response were compared between the patients with myasthenia gravis and normal controls. RESULTS: All the 30 patients with myasthenia gravis and 30 healthy physical examinees were involved in the final analysis of results. There were no significant differences between the left and right upper and lower limbs in both the myasthenia gravis group and normal control group (P > 0.05). In the myasthenia gravis group, the abnormal rate of sympathetic skin response was 37% (11/30), the latency was prolonged and the wave amplitude was decreased as compared with those in the normal control group, and there were significant differences (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Sympathetic skin response can be used as an electrophysiological index for judging the damages of autonomic nerve function in patients with myasthenia gravis.