Strategies for myelin regeneration: lessons learned from development

Myelin regeneration is indispensably important for patients suffering from several central nervous system （CNS） disorders such as multiple sclerosis （MS） and spinal cord injury （SCI）, because it is not only essential for restoring neurophysiology, but also protects denuded axons for secondary degeneration. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination is critical for the development of remyelination-specific therapeutic approaches. As remyelination shares certain common mechanisms with developmental myelination, knowledge from study of developmental myelination contributes greatly to emerging myelin regeneration therapies, best evidenced as the recently developed human anti-Nogo receptor interacting protein-1 （LINGO-1） monoclonal antibodies to treat MS patients in clinical trials.     

蛙皮素及其同类物与肿瘤的关系

1971年Anastasi等从一种欧洲雨蛙的皮肤中分离出蛙皮素(BN),此后,又有学者在人及哺乳动物体内发现了蛙皮素的同类物:胃泌素释放肽(GRP)和神经调节肽B(NMB),并发现蛙皮素及其同类物可通过相应受体刺激多种肿瘤的生长。从此,人们对其进行了广泛的研究。现就近年来关于BN及其同类物与肿瘤生长关系的研究作一综述。     

Potential risk of mitomycin Cat high concentrations on peripheral nerve structure

Although the local application of mitomycin C may prevent epidural adhesion after laminectomy, mitomycin C can induce neurotoxicity in optic and acoustic nerves at high concentrations. To determine the safe concentration range for mitomycin C, cotton pads soaked with mitomycin C at different concentrations(0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mg/mL) were immediately applied for 5 minutes to the operation area of rats that had undergone laminectomy at L1. Rat sciatic nerves, instead of dorsal nerves, were used in this study. The results showed that mitomycin C at 0.1–0.5 mg/mL did not damage the structure and function of the sciatic nerve, while at 0.7 mg/mL, mitomycin C significantly reduced the thickness of the sciatic nerve myelin sheath compared with lower concentrations, though no functional change was found. These experimental findings indicate that the local application of mitomycin C at low concentrations is safe to prevent scar adhesion following laminectomy, but that mitomycin C at high concentrations( 0.7 mg/mL) has potential safety risks to peripheral nerve structures.     

术中 X-线定位在神经内镜切除甲介型蝶窦垂体瘤手术中的应用简

目的探讨术中x-线定位在经神经内镜下甲介型蝶窦垂体瘤手术的应用。方法回顾性分析6例甲介型蝶窦垂体瘤病人的临床资料,均采用神经内镜下垂体瘤切除结合术中X-线定位方法。结果术中X-线定位准确4例;2例发生纵向偏差,均纠正。肿瘤全切除5例,次全切除1例。术后激素水平正常,视力视野改善。出现暂时性尿崩1例,治疗后痊愈。无脑脊液鼻漏、垂体功能低下、蝶窦炎发生,无死亡病例。6例病人随访3年,均无复发。结论神经内镜技术结合术中X-线定位是一种治疗甲介型蝶窦垂体瘤的安全、有效方法。     

《神经疾病与精神卫生》杂志征稿通知

《神经疾病与精神卫生》杂志是神经、精神科学及精神卫生领域的学术性期刊（CN23-1479／R,ISSN1009—6574,双月刊,大16开）。为更好地服务神经科学、精神科学以及精神卫生领域的专家、作者和读者,构建理想的学术交流的平台,本刊特发出征稿通知,希望进一步地得到您的关怀和支持。     

神经电生理监测在脑干出血手术中的应用

目的探讨神经电生理监测（NPM）技术在脑干出血显微外科手术中的应用价值。方法2010年3月至2013年3月采用NPM辅助下显微手术清除脑干血肿40例。术中动态观察脑干听觉诱发电位、躯体感觉诱发电位、运动诱发电位,并且术前监测波形与术中实时监测以及术后连续监测波形进行对照。结果40例病人中,GCS评分为5分的16例患者有6例术后第2天即恢复部分意识。术后死亡15例。存活的25例患者术后随访6月～3年,生活能自理4例,部分自理11例,意识清醒但重残5例,植物生存5例。结论对于脑干出血患者,NPM可判断术前脑干功能术中,可为手术者提供准确信息,尽可能避免或减少对脑干和颅神经功能的损伤,术后监测可预后患者转归具有重要指导意义。     

玻璃体后脱离与高度近视眼的关系

论述了玻璃体后脱离的病因、发病机制、分类和临床特点,并揭示了玻璃体后脱离与高度近视眼的关系。     

神经阻滞+经皮穿刺软组织微创治疗术(臭氧)治疗腰椎间盘疾病

目的观察神经阻滞+经皮穿刺软组织微创术(臭氧)治疗腰椎间盘疾病的效果。方法将160例腰椎间盘疾病患者随机分为对照组和观察组,各80例。对照组采用物理治疗+输液药物治疗,观察组给予神经阻滞+经皮穿刺软组织微创治疗术。治疗3周后观察两组效果及并发症发生情况。结果对照组总有效率78.75%(63/80),观察组总有效率91.25%(73/80),观察组明显高于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。除观察组术后出现1例切口轻度感染外,均无相关并发症发生。结论神经阻滞+经皮穿刺软组织微创术治疗腰椎间盘疾病,总有效率高,并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

颅脑损伤并发神经源性肺水肿的护理

颅脑损伤并发神经源性肺水肿的护理１３２０１１解放军第４６５医院章永伟，邹洁静神经源性肺水肿（ＮＰＥ）是继发于急性中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）损伤后，突发性颅内压增高而引起的一类肺水肿，是颅脑损伤的严重并发症之一。其起病急，发展快，死亡率高。可发展至充血性肺...