喉癌术后早日撤管的健康指导

喉癌是仅次于肺癌的第二大呼吸道高发癌,80％喉癌患者术后可拔管,为使病人实施早日撤管,减少在进一步放射治疗中的感染机会,帮助病人恢复最佳语音表达能力、吞咽功能,改善患者因自我形象紊乱而造成心理障碍,提高病人生存质量。我们对科室2001年3月～2002年12月收治的喉癌术后气管套管病人28例,实施了以下健康指导,75％病人均在术后10～15天达到有效撤管,现将具体方法介绍如下。一、心理指导:气管的异物感,语言交流障碍的孤独感,以及带管造成的自我形象紊乱,使病人能主动意识到早日撤管的重要性,但患者对撤管的恐惧和担忧,给患者带来一定的心     

左双腔支气管导管管端位置与吸气峰压变化的关系

目的 观测无隆突钩双腔支气管导管(DLT)管端位置与吸气峰压(Ppeak)以及肺顺应性环形状改变的关系，探讨用Ppeak和顺应性环的变化评估DLT管端位置的可行性。方法 拟行右侧剖胸手术的成年患者32例，静脉诱导后插入左Mallinckrodt DLT，吸入氧化亚氮和地氟醚维持麻醉。按纤维支气管镜(FOB)确认DLT管端位置和通气方式将观测过程分为四个阶段：第一阶段(S1)，管端位置正确的双肺通气；第二阶段(S2)，管端位置正确的左侧单肺通气；第三阶段(S3)，管端插入左下支气管(置管过深)的左侧单肺通气；第四阶段(S。)，管端处在左支气管开口(置管偏浅)的左侧单肺通气。每阶段均机械通气15min。结果 回归方程预计插管深度与FOB检查符合者占71．9％。S2时Ppeak值比S1时增加50．8％，肺顺应性(Cdyn)值减少36．2％；S3时Ppeak值比S1时增加87．4％，Cdyn值减少56．8％。PV环曲线斜率向右明显移位，环体显著延长。结论 用无隆突钩DLT行肺隔离，在无FOB定位的条件时，联合应用听诊法、回归方程预计插管深度、动态监测气道峰压和P-V环的变化综合评估，可提高DLT管端的正确到位率。单肺通气的气道峰压超过双肺通气时的1．65倍，且气道峰压超过25cm H2O．应高度怀疑DLT管端发生过深移位。     

腰椎间盘突出症术后再手术原因分析

目的 探讨腰椎间盘突出症术后再手术的几种原因。方法 在1989年12月～2002年10月间，再次行手术探查11例，其中椎间隙感染3例，神经根管狭窄未减压2例，神经根粘连3例，髓核组织残留压迫神经2例，定位错误1例。结果 11例再手术患者均得到康复。结论 为避免腰椎间盘术后再手术，应当注意定位准确，神经根管充分减压，无菌细心操作，仔细探查脱离的髓核组织。     

应用Foley管行食管异物取出16例分析

食管异物为耳鼻咽喉科常见急诊，小儿病例中硬币异物屡有发生。我院尝试用Foley管行食管硬币取出，效果满意。报告如下。     

Effect comparison between sacral blocking and massage combined with traction on protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc

Background:Epidural injection is an important method in treatment of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc.Especially in the recent decade sacral injection is adopted more and more often.Objective:To compare the clinical effects of sacral blocking and massage combined with traction.Unit:Yinhe Hospital of Beijing.Subjects:290 outpatients with grade Ⅱ of ASAI were selected from May,1994 to July,2000.Patients were randomly divided into observation group(n=145)and control group(n=145).Sacral blocking was adopted in observation group and 80 males and 65 females aged 20-78(mean:46.4)years old were included with disease course 3 days to 30 years.Massage combined with treaction was adopted in control group and 74 males and 71 females aged 22-74(mean:44.9)years oled were inmcluded with disease course 2 days to 10 years.Interention:Sacral blocking:Operation was according to sacral blocking and druge(dexamethasone injection,2 mg;0.75% bupivavaine hydrochloride,5 ml;saline,50ml) were injected slowly after success of puncture.Patient rested for 0.5h after injection and left treatment room if no adverse effects occurred.Massage combined with traction:Massage was adopted after traction to every patients.(1)Massage:Patient was seated at square stool and lower limbs separated naturally with same width of shoulders.Doctors sit behind patient.First,thubs of both hands were pressed on projecting part near spinous process(pressing points were selected according to different projecting part).Flexing and extending forward and backward were taken at the same time and extent was ddecided addording to patients‘ maximal endurable degree,5-10 timmes.Upper part of body was turned 45 degrees to left and right.Massage was still taken to affected part,3-t times.(2)Traction:Pelvis was extracted with general physical therapy and massage table.Supine position,chest and treaction bandage were fixed,tractiron wheel was turned slowly until patient felt comfortable with maximal endurance as limit(traction force,20-40kg),After extracting for 5 minutes,massagee switch was turned on to take rolling massage to bck and both lower libmbs.Traction force was increased every5 minutes and limit was still according to patient‘s maximal endurance,30 minutes for every time,once a day and ten times as a therapeutic course.Cohclusion:Effect of sacral blocking on protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc was positive and fewer therapeutic time were needed.Massage combined with traction was also effective,safe and no adverse effects wer observed,but more therapeutic times were neeeded and inconveinient.     

根管治疗术和干髓术对牙折影响的对比研究

用国内常用的牙髓治疗方法对30颗完整、新鲜、离体下颔磨牙进行牙髓治疗,然后测试其抗折力,经统计学处理发现:根管治疗术后磨牙的抗折力明显高于干髓术后磨牙的抗折力,干髓剂是其主要影响因素,改进干髓剂垫置方法后,可以明显提高干髓术后磨牙的抗折力。     

自制打结器用于小切口胆囊切除术60例临床观察

胆囊切除术目前主要的方法有经典式胆囊切除术（OC）、小切口胆囊切除术（MC）和腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）。我们自2004年9月。2006年10月，对60例行小切口胆囊切除术中技巧性地应用自制打结器，对胆囊管、胆囊动脉的深部结扎线进行打结。在结扎胆囊管、胆囊动脉的过程中，既能结扎牢胆囊管、胆囊动脉，又不损伤周围组织，也无结扎线断裂、松动、滑脱，术后未出现胆漏、出血等并发症。临床效果观察，均非常满意，现报告如下：     

位于颈中线旁的甲状舌管囊肿12例临床分析

目的探讨位于颈中线旁的甲状舌管囊肿的临床特征。方法回顾性分析1993年1月~2004年12月12例位于颈中线旁的甲状舌管囊肿的临床资料。结果颈中线偏左8例,偏右4例,偏离颈中线约0.5~1.0 cm。均行手术切除并经病理检查证实,随访1年以上均无复发。结论术前颈部CT检查有助于诊断,准确判定与舌骨的关系及正确处理舌骨是手术成功的关键。