血管紧张素转换酶2与糖尿病肾病

The identification of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 opened new recognition of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). ACE2 degrades Ang Ⅱ to Ang (1-7), maintains homeostasis of RAS with ACE. Studies have revealed that ACE2 has important functions in diabetic nephropathy. It may be a target for drug and is used as gene therapy for diabetic nephropathy. Amplifying ACE2 activity may have a potential therapeutic role for diabetic nephropathy.     

60Co辐照饲料的试验研究

用50 kGy 60Co-γ射线对大、小鼠颗粒饲料进行辐照灭菌,并研究了该辐照饲料的营养成分变化及其饲喂效果.结果表明,饲料经辐照灭菌后可达无菌要求,饲料粗蛋白、蛋氨酸明显减少,维生素A、E、B1、B6减少,其它营养成分无明显变化;而用高压蒸汽法灭菌的饲料,粗蛋白、精氨酸、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸明显减少,且维生素A、B1、B2、B6损失较多.用两种灭菌饲料分别饲喂BALB/cA裸小鼠,辐照组裸小鼠的增重明显高于高热组,且其窝产仔数、离乳数、离乳率均明显高于高热组(P《0.05),但两组间的第一胎初生重无明显差异(P》0.05).辐照灭菌饲料对裸小鼠的生长和繁殖均无不良影响.     

环孢素A的临床应用

环孢素A(cyclosprine,CyA)是由11个氨基酸组成的环状多肽,是土壤中一种真菌的活性代谢物.1978年英国首次将CyA应用于临床肾移植,此后CyA又用于肝、心、肺、胰腺、骨髓等器官的移植,均取得令人满意的效果,明显提高病人的生存率.1984年环孢素A进入我国,形成了"环孢素A 硫唑嘌呤 激素"的三联免疫抑制方案,大大提高了移植存活率,同时也使移植术后急性排斥反应的发生率大幅下降.CyA作为一种强效免疫抑制剂[1],近年来人们对它的研究越来越多,发现它还可用来治疗自身免疫性疾病、血液病及抗寄生虫病等.现将CyA的临床应用情况做一综述如下.     

白细胞粘附作用对ELISA检测HBsAg干扰现象的探讨

目的 探讨在ELISA检测HBsAg试验中，标本混入WBC后，WBC的粘附现象对试验结果的干扰。方法 观察WBC粘附现象对测定结果的干扰情况，以及血浆中WBC含量与干扰程度的关系，同时采用增加洗涤次数的方法对抗WBC粘附的效果观察。结果 标本混入WBC，WBC在反应板内发生粘附。WBC的中性粒细胞含过氧化物酶对试验结果造成干扰；标本中单位体积WBC含量与WBC的粘附量不成正比，但WBC的有效粘附数与OD值直接相关，粘附量越多，OD值越高；且WBC的粘附经洗涤10次也未能完全洗脱。结论 在ELISA检测HBsAg工作中应注意WBC对试验产生的非特异性干扰，采用多种方法防止WBC的混入。     

体外肝素对血浆PT、APTT影响因素的研究及临床应用

目的:探讨体外不同浓度肝素及不同浓度硫酸鱼精蛋白对血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)的影响,了解该实验对PT、APTT真实结果及正确分析和判断.方法:采用0.1 U/mL～2.0 U/mL肝素,1.0 μg/mL～20 μg/ mL硫酸鱼精蛋白,测定240份随机标本分成的各组血浆标本的PT、APTT及加入上述试剂后的PT、APTT时间. 结果:肝素活性在2.0 U/mL以下时对PT无明显影响,硫酸鱼精蛋白在10 μg/mL以下时对PT、APTT亦无明显影响.肝素在0.2 U/mL时对APTT影响非常明显,两者呈相关(r=0.98,P<0.05). 讨论:临床上可采用回归方程△APTT=1.22+30.41A(A为肝素活性U/mL)回归方法验证,也可以用加硫酸鱼精蛋白中和后复测APTT的方法来纠正肝素对APTT的影响,对DIC的动态监测及治疗具有重要意义.     

梅毒螺旋体感染不同血清学诊断方法的临床应用

目的 探讨不同血清学诊断方法梅毒螺旋体感染中的合理应用。方法 采用TRUST、ELISA、TPHA、TPPA四种方法同时检测疑似梅毒螺旋体感染的病人血清，以TPPA法为标准，从而得到其它方法的检测假阳性率和假阴性率；采用TRUST、ELISA、TPHA三种方法同时检测治疗后梅毒病人的血清，得到转阴率。结果 在107例疑似病人标本检测中，TRUST法和ELISA法的假阳性率和假阴性率分别为：3．9％vs1.3％，34．1vs0．0％。TPHA法和TPPA法结果完全一致。治疗后病人TRUST、ELISA、TPHA三种方法检测的转阴率分别为93．7％、2．1％、2．1％。结论 ELISA法可以代替TRUST法作为筛查试验，而TRUST法可以作为疗效判定的指标。TPHA法和TPPA法都可以作为确证试验。     

流行性乙型脑炎特异性IgM(ELISA)诊断试剂盒的改进和应用

流行性乙型脑炎夏秋季发病 ,与中毒性痢疾等其他脑部疾患易相混 ,仅靠临床症状诊断 ,可靠性差 ,易延误治疗 ,造成后患。因此 ,我们改进了乙型脑炎特异性IgM诊断试剂盒 ,缩短时间 ,当天抽血 10 0min内即可出报告 ,在短时间内 ,为临床提供可靠依据。     

抗DNA酶B与ASO联合测定对小儿链球菌感染的诊断价值

目的:探讨抗DNA酶B与抗链球菌溶血素"O"(ASO)联合测定对小儿链球菌感染的诊断价值.方法:分别测定126例小儿链球菌感染患者(分成4组)和50例健康人群抗DNA酶B和ASO水平,计算各组别的阳性率,并进行分析.结果:急性不典型风湿热组、肾炎上感组、急性咽炎组等组别,抗DNA酶B与ASO联合测定阳性率差异无显著性(P>0.05).而肾炎皮损组、肾炎恢复期组差异有极显著性(P<0.01).结论:抗DNA酶B与ASO联合检测可以提高小儿链球菌感染的检出率.     

鞘内注射吗啡加可乐定对切口痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶A催化亚单位表达的影响

Objective To observe the effect of intrathecal clonidine plus morphine on expression of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham group, control group, pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group, pro-incisional clonidine 5 μg group and preincisional morphine 2.5 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group (n=16). lntrathecal catheter and the model of incisional pain were pro-duced according to Yaksh and Brennan's described method respectively. Changes of pain behavior were assessed by mechanical with-drawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL). The expressions of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were assessed by immunohistochemical method and western blotting analysis. Results Compared with sham group, MWT and TWL in control group were decreased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were increased significantly in control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, MWT and TWL in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group were increased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were decreased significantly in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 μg group (P<0.01). However, MWT, TWL and the number of positive cells and pro-tein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn changed with no statistical significance in pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group and pre-incisional clonidine 5 μg group compared with control group. Conclusion lntrathecal clonidine significantly enhances the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in a rat model of incisional pain, which might be associated with inhibi-tion of the increased expression of PKA catalytic subunit in spinal cord.