028 荧光成像的进展：药剂学的机会[英]／Jepson MA／／Adv Drug Deliv Rev.

过去20年来，荧光成像(fluoresccnce imaging，FI)已经在从药物输送载体的分布到细胞屏障的输送属性等药物释放研究的许多领域产生了巨大影响。荧光探针和光学显微镜的进步使这一技术在生物医学研究的所有分支的应用范围都不断扩大。     

脊柱结核的影像学诊断及临床病理分析

研究脊柱结核的影像学诊断价值,并探讨各型脊柱结核的临床病理特点.对156例经临床及病理证实且影像学资料完整的脊柱结核进行回顾性分析,比较其X线(或CR)、CT及MRI的影像学特点及符合率.结果显示①X线(或CR)、CT及MRI对脊柱结核诊断符合率分别为90.5%、96.2%及99.5%.②X线(或CR)、CT及MRI对椎体骨质破坏、椎间隙狭窄的敏感性分别为74.5%、89.9%及96.87%.③对椎旁软组织肿块和腰大肌脓肿、附件破坏及骨性椎管受累的显示,CT优于X线(和CR)片;对早期病变的显示及脊髓受累情况,MRI优于X线(或CR)及CT,有显著差异性(P＜0.01).④对死骨及钙化的显示CT优于X线(或CR)及MRI.认为X线(或CR)检查为诊断脊柱结核的基本方法,但对早期病变的显示有限度;CT显示早期微小的骨质破坏、死骨、脓肿、钙化及脓肿对椎管脊髓压迫明显优于X线;MRI可清晰显示硬膜外脓肿及脊柱后突畸形对脊髓的压迫和脊髓变性情况,尤其是对早期病变的诊断,有较高的敏感性和特异性,但对死骨及钙化不敏感.     

125I标记Ki67反义多肽核酸对裸鼠人肾癌移植瘤的抑制作用

放射性核素反义治疗是近年来提出的一种新的肿瘤治疗策略,它将反义技术阻抑癌基因表达与放射性核素基因靶向照射有机结合,从而提高治疗效果.我们既往研究发现125I标记肿瘤增殖基因Ki67反义多肽核酸(125I-PNAs)具有较强的体外抑制肾癌细胞增殖、促进凋亡作用.本研究通过建立裸鼠人肾癌移植瘤模型,进一步观察其在体内对靶基因表达及肿瘤生长的抑制作用.     

MR动态增强扫描在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值(英文)

目的通过绘制时间信号强度曲线,探讨 MRI 快速序列动态增强在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对5例无泌尿系症状健康对照者、13例经病理证实的前列腺癌及36例前列腺增生行 MR 平扫、动态增强及延迟扫描,测量并计算病灶和正常组织的相对信号强度值,并绘制正常周围带、前列腺癌与增生三者的时间信号强度曲线。结果正常周围带轻度强化,并缓慢上升至晚期达峰值;36例前列腺增生早期明显强化并逐渐上升至中晚期达峰值后缓慢下降;13例前列腺癌中9例早期明显强化,并快速下降,4例 T_2WI 像上弥漫性病灶呈现中晚期强化。结论正常周围带、前列腺癌及前列腺增生的动态强化方式明显不同,应用动态增强扫描可对前列腺癌的诊断与鉴别诊断起积极作用。     

放射性核素标记奥曲肽肿瘤受体显像研究进展

放射性核素标记奥曲肽（octreotide）能与多种肿瘤组织的生长抑素受体特异性地结合,可定性、定位诊断生长抑素受体阳性肿瘤.现综述奥曲肽生物学特点与功能、生长抑素受体的表达、不同的放射性核素标记奥曲肽诊断肿瘤的优缺点及放射性核素标记奥曲肽肿瘤受体显像的应用进展.     

MR动态增强扫描在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的通过绘制时间信号强度曲线,探讨MRI快速序列动态增强在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值方法对5例无泌尿系症状健康对照者、13例经病理证实的前列腺癌及36例前列腺增生行MR平扫、动态增强及延迟扫描,测量并计算病灶和正常组织的相对信号强度值,并绘制正常周围带、前列腺癌与增生三者的时间信号强度曲线。结果正常周围带轻度强化,并缓慢上升至晚期达峰值;36例前列腺增生早期明显强化并逐渐上升至中晚期达峰值后缓慢下降;13 例前列腺癌中9例早期明显强化,并快速下降,4例T2WI像上弥漫性病灶呈现中晚期强化结论正常周围带、前列腺癌及前列腺增生的动态强化方式明显不同,应用动态增强扫描可对前列腺癌的诊断与鉴别诊断起积极作用。     

肝门区胆管癌的MRI应用价值

目的探讨肝门区胆管癌(HC)的MRI检查技术及应用价值。方法HC34例所有病例均行MR一体化扫描,包括MR平扫、MRCP、MR动态增强血管成像(3D-DCE-MRA),并作出能否手术切除的评价,与手术结果相对照。结果34例HC均可见肝门肿块、肝内胆管扩张、肝门胆管中断,动态增强扫描31例表现为延迟强化,3D-DCE-MRA中6例在动脉期表现为螺旋样动脉,18例可见门静脉受侵,表现为门脉侧壁浸润、门脉缩窄或闭塞,MRI对能否手术切除评估的准确性为88.2%(30/34)。结论MRI检查能充分显示HC病变及其侵犯范围,对HC进行准确的诊断和术前评估。     

Utility of SPECT Lung Perfusion Scans in Assessing the Early Changes in Pulmonary Function after Radiotherapy for Patients with Lung Cancer

OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced lung injury commonly follows radiotherapy (RT) fortumors within and near the thorax. Lung function is usually measured by pulmonary function tests (PFTs). But RT-induced regional changes of pulmonary function cannot be accurately evaluated by PFTs. Lung perfusion scintigraphy compared with other radiographic methods can assess well regional pulmonary physiological function, and a 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning system can quantitatively calculate irradiation dosage. The purpose of this study is to assess, by lung perfusion scintigraphy, early changes in the pulmonary function of patients with lung cancer when receiving thoracic 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).METHODS Nineteen patients receiving thoracic 3D-CRT for lung cancer were studied. A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)lung perfusion scan, X-ray or CT scan before RT and after 40～50Gy radiation were performed. Pre-RT SPECT lung perfusion images were classified by comparing lung perfusion defects with radiological abnormalities before RT. Grade 0: There was no lung perfusion defect in the area of radiological abnormality. Grade 1: The size of the radiological abnormality was similar to the area of the lung perfusion defect. Grade 2: The area of the lung perfusion defect was bigger than the size of the radiological abnormality and extended to one lobe of the lung. Grade 3: The area of lung perfusion defect exceeded one lobe of the lung. The radiation field with more than 20 Gy was drawn as a region of interest (ROI). The proportion of radioactive dose within this ROI relative to total lung dose in one slice was calculated.RESULTS All patients had lung perfusion defects, nine patients with grade 1,five patients with grade 2 and five patients with grade 3 damage,respectively. All tumors in the 19 patients were reduced in CT or X-ray images to various degrees after 40～50 Gy radiation. The mean proportion of ROI in 19 patients was 53.7±29.8% before radiation as compared to 57.6±22.6% during RT. The difference between these two groups was not significant (P=0.280). The decreased relative lung perfusion post-RT was found in six patients, whereas the increased relative lung perfusion post-RT was observed in 13 patients.CONCLUSION SPECT lung perfusion scaning is a simple, convenient and useful method for assessing regional lung function pre-RT and for monitoring the changes in regional lung function after irradiation.     

放射性核素^32P治疗肝癌19例临床探讨

目的探讨^32P治疗肝癌的临床疗效。方法由B超介导，经皮肝穿向瘤体内注射胶体^32P，对癌细胞行内照射治疗。结果用^32P放射性核素治疗肝癌后，经B超复查，病理证实，^32P对肝癌治疗取得了满意的疗效。     

99Tcm-MIBI SPECT-CT同机图像融合技术在乳腺肿瘤显像及淋巴结转移判断中的应用

目的 探讨99Tcm-MIBI SPECT-CT同机图像融合技术对于乳腺肿瘤显像及淋巴结转移判断的临床应用价值.方法 对80例女性乳腺肿块患者行99Tcm-MlBI乳腺及腋窝淋巴结平面显像及99Tcm-MIBI SPECT-CT显像.所有患者均有手术后病理检查结果做对照.结果 80例患者中SPECT-CT融合图像对乳腺癌诊断的灵敏度88.2%(45/51),高于平面显像的82.4%(42/51).两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).SPECT-CT融合图像对原发性乳腺癌诊断的特异度、准确度分别为93.1%(26/29)、90%(71/80),均高于平面显像的79.3%(23/29)、81.3%(65/80).平面显像检测腋淋巴结的灵敏度77.2%(17/22),特异度86.2%(25/29),准确度82.4%(42/51),SPECT-CT融合图像检测腋淋巴结的灵敏度81.8%(18/22),特异度89.7%(26/29),准确度86.3%(44/51).两者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论 SPECT-CT图像融合显像技术在乳腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确度均高于平面显像.在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移探测方面SPECT/CT图像融合与平面显像相似.