沙美特罗氟替卡松对COPD患者的治疗效果及安全性分析

目的探讨沙美特罗氟替卡松在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的治疗效果及安全性。方法选取2014年4月至2015年7月我院收治的COPD患者92例,随机分为两组。对照组行常规治疗,研究组在对照组基础上给予沙美特罗氟替卡松治疗。两组患者均连续治疗6个月。比较两组的疗效及不良反应发生率。结果研究组的总有效率为97.83%,显著高于对照组的82.61%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的关节痛发生率为23.91%,显著高于对照组的2.17%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者皮疹、水肿、胃肠不适发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论沙美特罗氟替卡松治疗COPD患者可提高疗效,但长期使用可引起患者骨密度下降,发生关节疼痛,临床中应针对性进行预防。     

静脉治疗小组在持续改进临床静脉留置管道维护质量中的应用探析

目的:探讨在持续改进临床静脉留置管道维护质量中,静脉治疗小组的临床价值。方法:设立静脉治疗小组,将小组设立前后实施深静脉穿刺置管患者分为参照组、研究组,对静脉治疗小组应用前后的维护效果予以评价。结果:相比参照组,研究组静脉置管术后各项并发症、导管血流感染发生率均显著更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在持续改进临床静脉留置管道维护质量中,静脉治疗小组具有积极影响,应用效果突出。     

急性间歇低氧暴露对心肺功能的影响

不同低氧方式和低氧程度对机体的影响不同, 为探讨急性间歇低氧暴露对健康受试者心肺功能的影响, 开展了本前瞻、随机、交叉对照性研究。10名健康受试者分别随机暴露于急性间歇低氧、急性持续低氧、常氧, 监测心肺功能指标(心率、血压、最低血氧饱和度以及肺功能)的变化, 并在干预结束后再次测定肺功能和夜间睡眠呼吸监测。研究结果提示, 一定强度急性间歇低氧暴露对人体心肺功能无明显不良影响, 安全性良好。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中临床价值

目的观察适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中的临床价值。方法选取自2016年1月至2018年6月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治的121例老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象。所有患者均接受呼吸机治疗,根据机械通气模式不同,将患者分入A组(同步间歇指令通气,n=60)和B组(适应性支持通气,n=61)。比较两组患者的呼吸动力学相关指标(呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压、第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性),呼吸机撤机时间和撤机成功率,不同时间点(通气前、通气2 h、拔管前)血气分析值(pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压)。结果 B组患者呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压均低于A组,第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性均高于A组。两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组患者呼吸机撤机时间短于A组,撤机成功率高于A组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者通气前、通气2 h、拔管前的pH值、氧分压呈逐渐上升趋势,二氧化碳分压呈逐渐下降趋势;本组3个时间点的pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中采用适应性支持通气模式,可促进患者自主呼吸功能恢复,减少通气时间,提高撤机成功率,安全性较好。     

孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎的疗效及对气道高反应性的预防效果

目的:探讨孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎的疗效及对气道高反应性的预防效果。方法:选取接受喘息性支气管炎治疗的100例患儿作为观察对象,且将其分组治疗,即干预组(孟鲁司特钠+常规治疗)与对照组(常规治疗),每组均有50例患儿。对比两组的总有效率、气喘消失时间、哮鸣消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、住院时间、LTE4、ECP、IL-12、IL-10。结果:干预组患儿的总有效率高于对照组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);对照组患儿的气喘消失时间、哮鸣消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、住院时间均高于干预组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);干预组患儿的LTE4、ECP、IL-12、IL-10等水平改善情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论:孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎,疗效理想,可有效缩短气喘、哮鸣、咳嗽等症状时长,安全指数高,此药值得在各大基层医院中推广使用。