经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

肝硬化患者的一日三餐,你了解吗

我国是肝病大国,肝硬化仍是临床常见病,其中病毒性肝炎所致的肝硬化最为多见,其具有一定传染性。但随着现代医学的发展,各种疫苗的相继问世,我国病毒性肝炎及其所致肝硬化的发病率也在逐年降低,然而其他病因所致的肝硬化,如酒精性肝病、自身免疫性肝病以及脂肪性肝炎等相关的肝硬化患者则越来越多见。     

血浆HOXA7基因甲基化在非小细胞肺癌诊断中的应用

  目的  检测非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）血浆中同源盒基因（homeobox, HOX）家族成员HOXA7基因启动子甲基化水平, 并评估HOXA7甲基化与肿瘤标志物血清癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA）、糖类抗原（carbohydrate antigen 199, CA199）和细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1（cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1, Cyfra21-1）水平辅助诊断NSCLC的价值。  方法  选取河南省肿瘤医院2012年1月至2016年12月住院的经病理组织学确诊为NSCLC患者80例为试验组, 50例健康人为对照组。采用定量甲基化特异性PCR（quantitative methylation-specific PCR, qMSP）检测血浆HOXA7甲基化水平, 电化学发光检测血浆CEA、CA199和Cyfra21-1水平。构建受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析各指标鉴别NSCLC的临床价值, 并分析HOXA7甲基化与临床病例参数、肿瘤标志物之间的关系。  结果  与健康对照组相比, NSCLC患者血浆中HOXA7基因甲基化水平异常增高（χ2＝36.972, P < 0.0001）, HOXA7甲基化诊断NSCLC的敏感度为68.8%（55/80）, 特异度为86.0%（43/50）。血浆HOXA7甲基化与性别、年龄、有无吸烟史和病理类型无关（均P>0.05）, 但与TNM分期有关（P < 0.05）, 其中Ⅳ期患者血浆HOXA7甲基化水平最高。肿瘤标志物中Cyfra21-1诊断NSCLC的价值最高, 敏感度为70.00%, 特异度为90.00%。HOXA7甲基化联合三指标诊断NSCLC的效能最高（AUC=0.893, 敏感度73.75%, 特异度94%）。HOXA7甲基化与Cyfra21-1的相关系数最高（r=0.564, P < 0.05）。  结论  HOXA7基因甲基化水平对NSCLC的诊断有一定价值, 与NSCLC的恶性程度相关, 联合肿瘤标志物检测可以提高NSCLC的诊断效能。      

2型糖尿病患者不同脂质参数与糖尿病肾病的关系

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者不同脂质参数与糖尿病肾病(DKD)发生的相关性。方法:检测226例T2DM患者血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平及相关生化指标,计算血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)以及脂质三角相关指标(TC/HDL-C、TG/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C)。根据DKD临床诊断标准和Mogensen分期标准分为:Ⅰ~Ⅱ期组136例,Ⅲ期组55例,Ⅳ~Ⅴ期组35例。应用多因素logistic回归分析不同脂质参数与DKD发生的关系。结果:与Ⅰ~Ⅱ期组相比,随着DKD分期加重,TC、TG、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、AIP水平明显增高(P<0.01)。LDL-C/HDL-C和AIP与24 h尿蛋白水平呈正相关(r=0.724;r=0.769,均P<0.05)。LDL-C/HDL-C和AIP是T2DM合并DKD患者的独立预测因子(P=0.002;P=0.004)。结论:LDL-C/HDL-C和AIP对T2DM合并DKD病情进展有较高的预测价值,可为临床诊治提供参考。     

ICU危重患者的护理安全隐患分析及防治措施

总结分析本科近1年来的各类安全隐患及防治改进措施,不断提高ICU护理人员安全意识,以消除护理不安全因素,减少事故的发生。     

小剂量布比卡因腰-硬联合麻醉用于高龄患者股骨颈骨折手术可行性探讨

目的:探讨小剂量布比卡因腰-硬联合麻醉用于用于高龄患者股骨颈骨折手术的可行性。方法:选择ASAⅡ~Ⅲ级高龄患者择期股骨颈骨折手术患者58例,采用0.75%布比卡因6mg腰-硬联合麻醉后,观察麻醉前、麻醉后5min、麻醉后15min、麻醉后30min、收缩血压(SBP)、舒张血压(DBP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)血流动力学变化、术中呼吸、,手术中的麻醉效果、麻醉后并发症的影响。结果:术前、术中血流动力学、呼吸无明显改变(P0.05)。结论:小剂量布比卡因腰-硬联合麻醉应用于高龄患者股骨颈骨折手术麻醉中,对呼吸、循环系统影响轻微,具有麻醉效果确切、安全可靠、不良反应小等优点。