腔内剜除法前列腺汽化电切术对患者性功能的影响

目的 评价腔内剜除法经尿道等离子体前列腺汽化电切术(plasmakinetic enucleation of prostate,PKEP)对良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)患者性功能的影响.方法 将符合条件的75例患者随机分成常规方法经尿道等离子体前列腺汽化电切术(plasmakinetic raporize of prostate,PKRP)组(35例)及PKEP组(40例),随访两组患者术后6、12个月性欲、勃起功能与射精情况.结果 获完整随访的患者PKRP组31例、PKEP组39例.两组患者随访至术后12个月,阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)的发生率分别为PKRP组3.2%(1/31)、PKEP组5.1%(2/39),逆行射精(RE)的发生率分别为 PKRP组51.6% (16/31)、PKEP组23.1%(9/39).结论 PKRP与PKEP手术对性功能均有一定的影响,两组ED发生率无明显差异,但RE发生率PKEP明显少于PKRP.     

去外鞘等离子电切术治疗前列腺增生合并轻度尿道狭窄

经尿道前列腺电切术是治疗良性前列腺增生最常见的外科治疗方式.少数患者因前尿道相对偏小或轻度狭窄,带外鞘进镜困难,改开放手术,或带外鞘进镜至尿道球膜部处发现轻度狭窄,粗暴进镜而造成膜部黏膜撕脱或膜部损伤,以致术后尿道狭窄发生率增加.作者采用去外鞘法等离子电切术,以减少改开放手术率及避免暴力进镜可能造成的损伤.2006至2010年,共完成该手术56例,效果满意,报告如下.     

阑尾代后尿道及回盲、升结肠作储尿囊在正位膀胱重建术中应用

目的：探讨阑尾代后尿道及回盲、升结肠作储尿囊在膀胱正位重建术中应用及其疗效。方法：2003年2月—2009年6月应用回盲肠及部分升结肠作储尿囊,以阑尾根部与后尿道吻合原位排尿的方法治疗膀胱肿瘤12例,应用尿动力学方法对其近期疗效进行随访。结果：7例完全控尿,2例有尿失禁,3例有夜间尿失禁。术后6个月排尿次数白天4~6次,夜间1~2次,每次量150~400 mL。尿动力学：平均尿流率10.5 mL/s,平均膀胱初始感觉压力27 cmH2O,最大充盈压35 cmH2O,相应储尿囊容量分别为152 mL和420 mL。后尿道闭合压力为52 cmH2O,残余尿量0~65 mL。结论：阑尾代后尿道和回盲、升结肠作储尿囊正位膀胱重建术,储尿囊内压低,容量大,有可控性和原位排尿的特点。     

直视下尿道内切开术治疗尿道狭窄20年经验总结

目的 总结直视下尿道内切开术(direct vision internal urethrotomy,DVIU)治疗尿道狭窄的经验.方法 回顾性分析1990年6月至2010年6月20年间DVIU治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁患者361的临床资料.年龄16～72岁,平均38岁.病程3～78个月,平均16个月.狭窄或闭锁长度0.2～2.0 cm,平均1.1 cm.狭窄长度≤1.0 cm 238例,其中≤0.5 cm 63例(组1),0.6～1.0 cm 175例(组2),瘢痕厚度≤1.0 cm 148例,＞1.0 cm 90例;狭窄长度1.1～2.0 cm 123例,其中1.1～1.5cm 85例(组3),1.6～2.0 cm 38例(组4),瘢痕厚度≤1.0 cm 44例,＞1.0 cm 79例.结果 361例中手术失败3例.320例获随访,随访时间12～120个月,平均42个月.因狭窄复发而接受开放手术174例(54.4%),4组中转开放手术率分别为3.3%、49.7%、83.3%和97.1%.狭窄长度≤1.0cm者获随访207例,其中瘢痕厚度≤1.0 cm转开放手术27.2%(37/136),瘢痕厚度＞1.0 cm转开放手术60.6%(43/71).狭窄长度＞1.0 cm者获随访113例,其中瘢痕厚度≤1.0 cm转开放手术78.6%(33/42),瘢痕厚度＞1.0 cm转开放手术84.5%(60/71).结论 当尿道狭窄长度≤0.5 cm时,DVIU术后转开放手术的比例明显减少;狭窄长度≤1.0 cm,瘢痕厚度≤1.0 cm者,DVIU也可获较好疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience and evaluate the efficacy of treatment of urethral stricture using direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU).Methods The clinical data of 361 patients (age range 16 -72 years, mean age 38 years) with urethral stricture who underwent urethrotomy from 1990 to 2010 was retrospectively analyzed.The disease course ranged from three months to 78 months with a mean of 16 months.The stricture length ranged from 0.2 to 2.0 cm (mean 1.1 cm).Stricture length was split into four main groups:stricture length≤0.5 cm in 63 (group 1 ), stricture length ranging between 0.6 and 1.0 cm in 175 ( group 2), stricture length ranging between 1.0 and 1.5 cm in 85 ( group 3 ) , and stricture length ranging between 1.6 and 2.0 cm in 38 ( Group 4).Of the 238 patients with length less than 1.0 cm there were 148 who's scar thickness were less than 1.0 cm, and 90 who's scar thickness were greater than 1.0 cm.Of the 123 patients with length less than 2.0 cm there were 69 who's scar thickness was less than 1.0 cm, and 54 who's scar thickness was greater than 1.0 cm.Results Three patients with DVIU failed because of long occlusion and false passage.Three hundred and twenty patients were followed-up from 12 to 120 months (mean:42).Re-openiag procedures were performed on 174 patients (54.4%) due to recurrence.The re-openiag procedure rate was 3.3%, 49.7%, 83.3% and 97.1% in Group1, Group2,Group3 and Group4, respectively.On the basis of scar thickness, of the 207 patients with stricture length less than 1.0 cm, 38 of 136 patients (27.9%) with scar thickness less than 1.0 cm underwent opening operation, and 43 of 71 patients (60.6%) with scar thickness more than 1.0 cm underwent opening operation.One hundred and thirteen patients with stricture length more than 1.0 cm, 33 of 42 patients (78.6%) with scar thickness less than 1.0 cm underwent opening operation, and 60 of 71 patients (84.5%) with scar thickness more than 1.0 cm underwent opening operation.Conclusions Good efficacy can be achieved in patients whose urethral stricture length is less than 0.5cm or whose stricture length and scar thickness is less than 1.0 cm using DVIU.     

尿道端端吻合术对外伤性尿道狭窄患者勃起功能影响的临床研究

目的：研究尿道端端吻合术对外伤性尿道狭窄患者勃起功能的影响。方法：对41例采用尿道端端吻合术治疗的骨盆骨折导致尿道损伤（PFUDD）相关尿道狭窄患者手术前后两个阶段进行血管活性药物注射后阴茎血流彩色多普勒超声波（PPuD）检查和国际勃起功能指数-5（IIEF-5）问卷调查,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果：所有41例患者手术前后的IIEF-5评分无显著差异,且勃起功能无明显变化者占大多数,约为56％。各年龄组、狭窄长度组及狭窄部位组患者手术前后的IIEF-5评分均无显著差异,但术后勃起功能提高组、不变组和降低组3组间的狭窄长度差异有统计学意义（2．16±1．49vs2．28±0．88vs3．50±1．53,P=0．0134）,且差异主要存在于降低组与提高组或不变组之间（P=0.0129,o．0165）。轻度及中低度ED组患者术后IIEF-5评分出现明显下降（13．86±1．88VS11．43±3．37,P=0．0202）,而中度及重度ED组患者则无明显变化。非血管性ED组患者手术前后的IIEF-5评分差异有统计学意义（14．88±1．81VS10．88±4．02,P=0．0103）,动脉性和静脉性ED组患者手术前后评分则无明显差别。结论：尿道端端吻合术对PFUDD等外伤相关尿道狭窄患者的勃起功能没有显著影响,患者术后勃起功能的变化情况与狭窄长度、术前性功能状态等有关,而与患者年龄、狭窄部位等没有明确的关系。     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术中预防闭孔神经反射致膀胱穿孔的不同方法介绍

目的总结经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术中,应用各种闭孔神经反射预防方法避免膀胱穿孔的经验。方法回顾性分析总结我院自2007年1月至2009年12月在经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术中,应用闭孔神经反射预防方法的临床资料。经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术的患者186例,男性115例,女性71例,年龄27～87岁,平均54岁。膀胱左侧或右侧壁单发肿瘤134例,膀胱多发表浅性肿瘤52例,根据患者采用的麻醉方法被分成三组,其中第一组应用硬膜外麻醉和肌松药及面罩给氧56例,第二组应用全身麻醉104例,第三组应用硬膜外麻醉和闭孔神经阻滞麻醉26例。结果 186例患者中,第一组有6例出现轻微的闭孔神经反射,未造成膀胱穿孔,有5例出现严重的闭孔神经反射,造成轻微的膀胱穿孔4例,不需要膀胱修补,造成2例严重的膀胱穿孔,1例大出血,需要进行膀胱修补术。第二组出现2例轻微的闭孔神经反射,造成轻微的膀胱穿孔,不需要膀胱修补。第三组造成1例严重的膀胱穿孔,需要进行膀胱修补术。结论硬膜外麻醉是不能抑制闭孔神经反射的,肌松药的应用可以抑制膀胱肌肉的收缩,对大的表浅性膀胱肿瘤或多发的表浅性膀胱肿瘤,应用全身麻醉是非常适合的。闭孔神经阻滞麻醉和硬膜外麻醉的联合应用是经济的方法,但闭孔神经阻滞不全,效果不佳是出现闭孔神经反射的原因。     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗复发性非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT)治疗复发性非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌的疗效.方法 本组复发性非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌63例,肿瘤单发36例,多发27例.肿瘤直径0.2～3.0 cm,术前均经膀胱镜检查,活检病理检查确诊为低级别尿路上皮癌.所有患者均行TURBT,术后常规卡介苗或化疗药物膀胱灌注,定期复查膀胱镜.结果 63例均顺利完成手术,无严重手术并发症.术后61例获得随访,随访时间8～62个月,平均36个月,38例长期稳定,未见复发;23例复发,复发率37.7%(23/61).其中17例再次行TURBT,手术后9例病情稳定,8例术后再次复发,再行TURBT 1～4次(其中5例临床分期增至T2,鉴于患者高龄或全身情况较差,仍采用TURBT治疗);6例术后复发,因临床分期增加至T2～T3,行开放手术,其中2例行膀胱部分切除术,4例行根治性膀胱切除术.随访期间死亡2例.结论 对于复发性非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌,TURBT安全性高,并发症少,疗效确切.对于进展为T2期的老年体弱膀胱癌患者,多次TURBT可改善生活质量,延缓患者生命,可有选择性地应用.     

TVT-S治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效和安全性分析

目的 探讨经阴道无张力尿道中段吊带术(TVT-S)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的有效性及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2008年10月至2010年5月诊治的27例SUI患者的资料.年龄35～77(56.1±10.7)岁;单纯型20例,混合型7例;产次1～6(2.8±1.4)次;体质指数22.0～31.9(25.6±2.5);病程1～30(6.8±7.2)年.有盆腔手术史2例,均无抗尿失禁手术史,膀胱颈抬举试验均阳性;腹压漏尿点压(ALPP)27～120(60.9±27.5)cm H2O;术前ICI-Q-SF评分7～14(11.2±1.8)分.结果 27例均行TVT-S,其中行"U"术式19例,行"H"术式8例.手术时间13～19(15.3±1.4)min.术中无膀胱、尿道损伤,无闭孔血管、神经损伤,术中出血10～50 ml;术后测量最大尿流率4～50(25.4±13.1)ml,残余尿0～95(23.2±7.6)ml.术后发生轻度排尿困难3例(11.1%),出现阴道创口渗液3例(11.1%);术后随访3～21(12.6±6.7)个月,出现尿频、尿急或急迫性尿失禁10例(37.0%),无阴道侵蚀.疗效判定:治愈15例(56%),好转8例(30%),无效4例(1 5%).结论 TVT-S治疗SUI简单易行,操作安全,并发症轻微易治,但手术治愈率较低,长期疗效仍需大量临床和随访资料证明.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the TVT-Secur procedure for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods Analyze retrospectively the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative complications and follow-up data of 27 SUI patients from October 2008 to May 2010. 20 cases were simple SUI, and 7 cases were mixed SUI. The average age was 56.1 ± 10.7 years (range, 35-77), the average parity was 2.8-±- 1.4 (range, 1-6), the average body mass index was 25.6±2.5, and the average course of the disease was 6.8±7.2 yeas (range, 1-30). Two cases had past history of pelvic surgery without any anti-incontinence surgery. Mashall-marchett test was positive in all patients, with an average abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) of 60.9±27.5 cm H2O (range, 27- 120 cm H2O). The mean International Consultation on Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) score was 11.2 ± 1.8 (range, 7- 14) before surgery. Results 27 patients underwent TVT-Secur procedure, of which 19 cases underwent "U" procedure, and 8 cases underwent "H" procedure. The mean operation time was 15.3±1.4min (range, 13- 19 min). There were no intraoperative bladder or urethral injury, and no obturator vessel or nerve damage. The blood loss was 10 to 50 ml, and the maximum urinary flow rate was 25. 4±13. 1 ml (range, 4-50 ml). Three eases had mild dysuria(11. 1%), and 3 cases had wound effusion(11. 1%). Followed up for 12. 6 ±6. 7 months (range, 3-21 months). 10 cases complained of bladder overactivity symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence, and no case had vaginal erosion. Therapeutic efficacy: 15 cases were cured (56%), 8 cases were improved (30%), and 4 cases were ineffective (15%). Conclusions TVT-Secur procedure is a simple, safe and minimally invasive surgery, while the cure rate is low. The long-term efficacy needs great amount of clinical data and long-term follow-up to prove.     

游离口腔黏膜代尿道治疗尿道下裂及前尿道狭窄50例

目的 探讨口腔黏膜游离移植,治疗严重尿道下裂和长段前尿道狭窄的手术适应证及疗效.方法 2006年5月至2010年4月期间我科共进行口腔黏膜游离代尿道治疗严重尿道下裂及长段前尿道狭窄50例,年龄5-48岁.其中尿道下裂28例,有过一次手术史15例,多次手术史10例.前尿道狭窄22例,狭窄段4～7cm长.结果 28例尿道下裂患者,26例成功;22例尿道狭窄患者,20例成功,手术成功率92.00%(46/50),尿道下裂患者术后阴茎外观满意,尿道开口于阴茎前端,排尿通畅.尿道狭窄患者术后1个月最大尿流率为14～40ml/s,平均29ml/s.所有手术成功患者术后随访1～10个月无尿道狭窄,无尿瘘.尿道下裂和尿道狭窄患者中各有2例失败,术后出现阴茎皮肤切口感染发生尿瘘,6个月行补瘘手术治愈.结论 对于多次手术,局部组织缺乏的尿道下裂及长段前尿道狭窄,应用口腔黏膜游离移植修复尿道,手术疗效好,值得推广.     

斑马导丝引导下应用筋膜扩张器治疗尿道狭窄25例

目的 探讨在斑马导丝引导下应用筋膜扩张器治疗尿道狭窄的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾分析25例在斑马导丝引导下应用筋膜扩张器治疗尿道狭窄病例的临床资料.结果 18例患者坚持尿道扩张,2月后最大尿流率稳定在18 mL/s;6例坚持尿道扩张3个月,尿流率稳定在16 mL/s.随访半年,24例患者均排尿通畅.1例患者因尿道狭窄段...