辅助生殖技术中异常子宫内膜诊疗的中国专家共识解读

辅助生殖技术(ART)问世的40余年来,周期成功率也跟随时代步伐前进。在实验室技术日趋稳定的今天,临床实践中子宫内膜容受性对胚胎种植率的影响逐步受到重视,对于异常子宫内膜的诊治需求越来越大,因此中华医学会生殖医学分会专家组参考国内外现有研究结果及疾病最新分类分型制定了《辅助生殖技术中异常子宫内膜诊疗的中国专家共识》。     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床护理模式探讨

目的:探究下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)行内膜下血管成形术(SIA)治疗时的临床护理模式及应用效果。方法:选取84例ASO患者随机分为A组(42例,围术期优质护理模式)与B组(42例,一般护理模式)。对比护理前后两组患者患侧缺血情况、恢复速度、并发症。结果:护理前两组踝肱指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后均升高,A组远高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组术后下床活动时间、住院时间远短于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组并发症出现率远低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ASO行SIA治疗时应用围术期优质护理模式可促进患者患侧缺血情况的改善,加快恢复速度,减少并发症。     

胞宫胞脉胞络理论与子宫内膜容受性关系探析

胞宫胞脉胞络理论是中医基于脏腑理论对女子生殖功能的基本认识.子宫体、宫颈、卵巢、输卵管、盆壁及其相关的血管、神经、韧带及受体当属胞宫、胞脉、胞络功能范畴.胞脉和胞络属于胞官的一部分.胞脉、胞络将脏腑化生之气血全面布散于胞官,心、肾通过胞脉、胞络与胞官相联系."精满" "血足"是良好子宫内膜环境的体现.肾气亏损,胞脉失疏,冲任不充,胞官瘀滞,藏泻失序,表现为子宫内膜较薄及血供不足,不利于孕卵的着床.治疗子宫内膜容受性低下应予补肾气,通胞脉,自拟二补助育汤,可以改善子宫内膜血液循环,增加子宫内膜厚度,提高辅助妊娠成功率.     

子宫内膜异位症组织细胞超微结构、细胞凋亡变化及Rac1、Cdc42表达的意义

目的探究子宫内膜异位症(EMs)组织细胞超微结构、细胞凋亡变化及Rac1、Cdc42的表达意义,为子宫内膜异位症的治疗寻找新的靶点。方法选取30例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者的异位囊肿组织作为EMs异位内膜组,对应的30例增生期子宫内膜组织作为EMs在位内膜组,另选择30例正常增生期子宫内膜组织作为正常组。电镜下观察子宫内膜细胞超微结构,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,免疫组化Envision法检测子宫内膜组织中Rac1、Cdc42表达情况并进行半定量分析,Western blot定量和实时定量PCR法分别检测子宫内膜组织中Rac1、Cdc42蛋白表达情况和Rac1、Cdc42 mRNA表达情况。结果相对于正常组,EMs异位内膜组和EMs在位内膜组细胞超微结构上均存在不同程度的凋亡异常改变,以细胞核、细胞器形态结构异常最为明显。EMs异位内膜组和EMs在位内膜组细胞凋亡率均明显低于正常组(P均0.05),EMs异位内膜组和EMs在位内膜组比较差异无统计学意义。免疫组化与Western blot检测结果显示,Rac1、Cdc42相对表达量EMs异位内膜组明显高于EMs在位内膜组(P均0.05),EMs在位内膜组明显高于正常组(P均0.05)。实时定量PCR检测结果显示,Rac1、Cdc42 mRNA相对表达量EMs异位内膜组明显高于EMs在位内膜组(P均0.05),EMs在位内膜组明显高于正常组(P均0.05)。结论子宫内膜异位症组织细胞超微结构异常,细胞凋亡减少,且组织中存在Rac1、Cdc42大量表达,其信号途径可能参与子宫内膜异位症发生、转移,为子宫内膜异位症的治疗提供了新的靶点。     

基于子宫内膜异位症与恶性肿瘤的相关性探析补肾化瘀法作用机制及中医理论依据

子宫内膜异位症其异位内膜组织虽然在形态学上呈良性表现，却具有类似恶性肿瘤的生物学特性。中医学一般认为，“正虚伏邪”为恶性肿瘤的病机特点；那么，肾虚血瘀既属于“正虚伏邪”的范畴，又体现了EMs发病学和疾病发生、发展过程中的主要特点。在“病证相应”的中医治则之下，补肾化瘀法的临床疗效主要表现为：缓解痛经症状、提高受孕率，以及调整月经周期。本文基于EMs与恶性肿瘤的相关性，通过分析补肾化瘀法治疗EMs的理论依据及其抑制异位内膜侵袭的调控机制，主要包括解除免疫抑制、阻断局部微血管新生等，旨在阐明其疗效显著的原因，为临床推广提供可靠的基础研究证据。     

颈动脉狭窄支架成形术能替代内膜剥脱术吗?

颈动脉分叉处独特的血流动力学特征决定了该处是动脉粥样硬化最易发生的部位，造成管径的狭窄而导致脑组织远端血流动力学性梗死。另外，沿颈动脉球内侧壁的血流保持层流，有着很高的流速和很强的剪切力，而其外侧壁处血流的分离、停滞、湍流和复杂震荡的剪切力都可引起动脉粥样硬化性斑块的脱落。因此，颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是导致卒中发生的主要原因之一（占卒中发生的10％～20％），对其治疗是多年来受全球关注的热点。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

沙利度胺对鼠子宫内膜异位病灶血管生成作用的研究

目的:探讨沙利度胺(thalidomide)对子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)病灶生长和血管生成的影响,为从抗血管途径治疗EMs提供依据.方法:将EMs患者在位子宫内膜种植于重度复合性免疫缺陷病(severe combined immunodeficiency disease, SCID)小鼠皮下,建立EMs鼠模型.接种后第3周给予治疗,治疗组(n=10)腹腔注射沙利度胺50mg/kg/d,对照组(n=10)腹腔注射等体积PBS,连用14d;每隔3d测量异位病灶体积一次;病灶组织采用免疫组化法测定病灶微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达.结果:SCID小鼠皮下种植内异症模型内膜存活率高且观察方便;治疗组病灶体积增长有缩小趋势,但与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组MVD显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组和对照组VEGF的表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:沙利度胺对EMs异位病灶的血管生成有明显抑制作用;抑制VEGF的表达可能不是沙利度胺抑制EMs血管生成的主要原因.     

醋酸甲孕酮和内美通治疗子宫内膜异位症的疗效和安全性比较

目的:比较醋酸甲孕酮(DMPA)和内美通治疗子宫内膜异位症(简称内异症)的疗效和安全性.方法:将47例内异症患者随机分为两组,A组24例于月经来潮第1～5天肌注DMPA 150 mg,之后每30 d重复1次,连续注射6次;B组23例于月经第1天开始服用内美通,每周2次,每次2.5 mg,连用6个月.观察治疗前后症状、体征、卵巢异位囊肿大小、血清肿瘤抗原(CA125)及性激素水平变化以及副反应情况.结果:用药后两组患者总主观症状评分明显下降,卵巢异位囊肿明显缩小,两组有效率均为100%,两组间疗效差异无显著性,血清CA125及性激素水平明显下降,两组均无严重副反应发生.结论:两种药物治疗内异症均安全有效,DMPA更适合于内异症的长期治疗,尤其适用于不能负担昂贵医疗费的患者.