经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

低能量冲击波治疗勃起功能障碍疗效及安全性:随机对照试验的meta分析

目的:依据现有临床证据评价低能量冲击波(LI-ESWT)治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:通过计算机检索PubMed、Medline、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆和CNKI、VIP、CBM、万方数据库建库至2018年6月有关LI-ESWT治疗ED的随机对照试验(RCT),由2名研究者按照纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价,并采用RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:共纳入来自8项随机双盲对照研究的595例ED患者,其中LI-ESWT治疗组362例,对照组233例。meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比较,LI-ESWT治疗可显著提高ED患者的IIEF评分[WMD=1.70, 95%CI (0.44, 2.96),P=0.008]和勃起硬度分级(EHS)[RR=11.72, 95%CI (5.13, 26.80),P0.01]。进一步分析表明LI-ESWT治疗后随访4周和24周ED患者的IIEF评分均显著提高[WMD=1.43, 95%CI (0.10, 2.75),P=0.03; WMD=3.09, 95%CI (1.49, 4.68),P=0.000 2];LI-ESWT治疗10～12次ED患者的IIEF评分显著提高,而治疗5～6次IIEF评分并未显示出明显增加[WMD=1.81, 95%CI (0.31, 3.31),P=0.02; WMD=1.88,95%CI (-2.10, 5.86),P=0.35];基线IIEF≥12分ED患者LI-ESWT治疗后IIEF评分明显增加而基线IIEF≤11分治疗后IIEF评分并未显示出明显增加[WMD=2.13, 95%CI (0.51, 3.75),P=0.01; WMD=1.04, 95%CI (-0.96, 3.03),P=0.31]。8项研究报告了LI-ESWT治疗后均无明显不良反应发生。结论:LI-ESWT作为一种非侵入性治疗手段,其可明显改善ED患者的IIEF评分和EHS分级,临床应用安全有效。     

低分子肝素钠联合地屈孕酮对先兆流产患者凝血功能及分娩结局的影响

目的探讨低分子肝素钠联合地屈孕酮对先兆流产患者凝血功能及分娩结局的影响。方法选取2015年12月至2018年12月睢阳区妇幼保健院妇产科收治的120例先兆流产患者,采用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组口服地屈孕酮片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上皮下注射低分子肝素钠注射液治疗。比较两组患者凝血功能[凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)]及分娩结局。结果治疗1周后,观察组PT、APTT、TT、FIB水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。观察组分娩成功率96.67%,高于对照组的86.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用低分子肝素钠与地屈孕酮联合治疗先兆流产,能改善患者凝血功能,降低流产发生率,提高分娩成功率。     

自发性低颅压综合征26例临床及影像学特点

目的探讨自发性低颅压综合征(SIH)临床症状及影像学特点。方法分析26例临床确诊的SIH患者的临床、影像学与随访资料。结果 84.6%的患者存在直立位头痛,伴随恶心(61.5%)、颈强直(30.8%)、耳鸣(23.1%)、听力减退(15.4%)、畏光(7.7%)等症状。1例患者出现动眼神经麻痹。78.9%患者侧卧位脑脊液压力<60mm H2O。头颅MRI检查总体阳性率为65.2%,弥漫性硬脑膜强化最具特征,其它表现依次为硬膜下积液、脑下沉和垂体增大。结论直立位头痛症状、侧卧位脑脊液压力<60mm H2O及MRI特征性表现对于诊断SIH最具意义。头颅MRI增强检查是临床诊断SIH的主要检查方式之一。