重型活动性狼疮性肾炎治疗体会

目的 结合临床资料总结出重型狼疮性肾炎(LN)两种较好的治疗方法.方法 甲基强的松龙(MP)联合环磷酰胺(CTX)的"双冲"方案及足量激素口服或甲基强的松龙冲击联合霉酚酸酯(MMF)的冲击联合方案.结论 作者认为重型LN必须遵循个体化原则,根据病理类型的不同、病情的急缓选择合适的治疗方法.     

单位符号使用和书写规则

1单位符号和单位的中文符号的使用规则1.1单位和词头的符号用于公式、数据表、曲线图、刻度盘和产品铭牌等需要明了的地方,也用于叙述性文字中。1.2单位符号没有复数形式,符号上不得附加任何其他标记或符号。     

离心机转速的写法及相对离心力的正确表示

有的作者将离心机转速用rpm表示,这是非法定单位的写法。正确的写法是：当低速离心时用r/min表示;当高速或超速离心时用相对离心力“×g”表示,g是斜体,前面是乘号。     

提高基层医务人员业务水平的途径

山东青岛海军潜艇学院门诊部徐咏梅、张艳冬来稿：提高基层医务人员业务水平的途径。文章说，基层医务人员担负着广大基层官兵的卫生防疫、医疗保障等任务，但目前个别基层医疗单位人员编制少、学历低、科室设制不全、医务人员临床实践欠缺。因此，可通过以下途径提高基层医务人员业务水平。（1）继续学历教育。根据单位情况，采取脱产、函授、自学考试等．其中函授和自学考试两种方式既不影响单位工作，又能给自己造成一定的压力和动力。（2）到上级医院进修。基层单位领导应统筹安排、内外协调，在保证单位工作正常运转的前提下，有计划、     

弥漫性轴索损伤行亚低温治疗的护理

弥漫性轴索损伤（diffuse axonal injury DAI）是外伤直接引起的脑白质广泛性轴索损伤，是闭合性颅脑损伤中最严重的原发性损伤之一，占重型颅脑损伤20％，占死亡病人的29％-43％。其临床特点为病情危重，昏迷时间长，并发症多，这就给临床治疗和护理提出了更高要求，早期行亚低温治疗并给予护理干预，将大大提高病人的生存率，降低死亡率，提高病人的生命生存质量。     

Changes in T .lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain inJury

BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets should be paid more attention to. OBJECTIVE： To reveal the changing laws of T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury, and compare with mild to moderate brain injury. DESIGN： A comparative observation. SETTINGS： Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Hospital of Prevention and Cure for Chronic Disease. PARTICIPANTS： All the subjects were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City from August 2002 to August 2005. Thirty patients with severe brain injury, whose Glasgow coma score （GCS） was ≤ 8 points, were taken as the experimental group, including 21 males and 9 females, aging 16 - 62 years. Meanwhile, 30 patients with mild traumatic brain injury were taken as the control group （GCS ranged 14- 15 points）, including 18 males and 12 females, aging 15 -58 years. All the subjects were in admission at 6 hours after injury, without disease of major organs before injury Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS： （1） The T lymphocytes and the subsets in peripheral blood were detected with immunofluorescent tricolor flow cytometry at l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury in both groups. （2） The conditions of pulmonary infections were observed at 4 days after injury. The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of T lymphocytes subsets at 1 - 14 days after severe and mild or moderate traumatic injury. RESULTS： Finally, 28 and 25 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, whereas 25 and 21 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed at 7 and 14 days respectively, and the missed ones died due to the development of disease. （1） Changes of T lymphocyte subsets： At 1 and 3 days after injury, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 began to decrease, whereas CD8 increased in the experimental group, which were very significantly different from those in the control group （t =2.77 - 3.26, P 〈 0.01）, and began to recover at 7 days, which were significantly different from those in the control group （t = 2.06 - 2.24, P 〈 0.05）, and generally recovered to the normal levels at 14 days （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Conditions of pulmonary infections： At 4 days after injury, the rate of pulmonary infection was significantly different between the experimental group and control group [73% （22/30）, 0, x2=37.29, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Patients with severe traumatic brain injury suffer from damages of cellular immune function at early period （within 7 days）, and they are easily to be accompanied by pulmonary infections.     

结核病的化学治疗

抗结核化学治疗是结核病治疗最主要的方法。在确定化疗方案时应依据患者的既往治疗情况(包括初治或复治、抗结核药配伍和应用情况)、排菌情况、耐药情况、病变范围和有否伴发病、并发症等制定或选择化疗方案。尽管因病情而采用的治疗方案和治疗形式各异，但都必须遵循“早期、规律、全程、联合、适量”的治疗原则。     

流行性脑脊髓膜炎治疗原则

一 普通型，1．1 一般治疗卧床休息，流质饮食，必要时鼻饲或静脉补液。     

人血管生长素的亚细胞定位

已有大量研究表明血管生成素（angiogenin，ANG）与肿瘤的快速生长和转移有密切的关系，肺癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌等患者的外周血血清中，ANG的水平明显升高，血清ANG的水平与这些肿瘤的发展及转移呈显著正相关，因此，可以检测血清中ANG的水平来预测肿瘤的发生与发展情况。此外，ANG对于创伤、烧伤及血循环较差的股骨头、半月板等损伤的修复具有较大的临床应用价值。在本研究中我们构建了人ANG真核表达质粒，转染人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）进行表达，并作了初步的亚细胞定位。     

北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所承担科技攻关项目“学校卫生标准体系建设研究”

为加强卫生标准的管理，完善卫生标准体系，北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所承担科技部攻关项目“学校卫生标准体系建设研究”。北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所是卫生部全国学校卫生标准委员会的挂靠单位。作为卫生部14个专业卫生标准委员会之一，学校卫生标准委员会承担了“学校卫生标准体系建设研究报告”研究工作。