严重复合伤并发多器官功能衰竭的监测和护理

目的 探讨器官功能监测和护理在严重复合伤并发多器官功能衰竭治疗中的价值。方法 对34例严重复合伤并发多脏器功能衰竭而收住的病人进行循环系统、呼吸系统、中枢神经系统、胃肠功能、肾功能、凝血机制的监测和护理。结果 本组34例病人21例存活，13例死亡，死亡率为38．2％，低于既往报道的70％－80％。结论 加强脏器功能的监测和护理有利于提高严重复合伤并发多脏器功能衰竭病人的抢救成功率。     

弥漫性轴索损伤并神经源性肺水肿22例报告

脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)以及神经源性肺水肿(NPE)是颅脑损伤死亡之主要原因。若两者同时并存，则后果更为严重。我院自1994年3月至2002年3月间，共收治22例弥漫性轴索损伤并发神经源性肺水肿患者，报告如下。     

五个原因让女人头发掉光光

一、减肥 过度减肥节食 头发的主要成分种称为鱼量元素不果与面粉等，蛋白质及微量元素摄入不足致使头发因严重营养不良而脱落。     

严重多发伤的处理体会

目的探讨严重多发伤的处理原则及方法。方法回顾分析近10年来收治的76例严重多发伤病人的救治情况。结果76例病人都得到了及时救治,先后都实施了不同类型的手术治疗。死亡7例,术后并发症7例。结论严重多发伤在基层医院经常遇到,重视院前救护,规范入院后的处理程序,强调术中的治疗原则及治疗过程的注意点,对提高救治成功率十分重要。     

^3He-MR成像评价哮喘病人局部气流阻塞随时间的变化

目的 用^3He-MR成像评价哮喘病人局部气流阻塞随时间的变化，及其与疾病严重程度和应用哮喘药物的关系。方法 该符合HIPAA法案的研究经机构审查委员会同意且所有病人签署了知情同意书。     

血透患者中枸橼酸西地那非的药代动力学及血流动力学变化

患有肾病的男性中ED发病率很高。枸橼酸西地那非是勃起功能障碍的高效治疗药物，严重肾功能不全会使该药清除率下降，但在血透治疗的终末期肾病患者中，该药的药代动力学和血液动力学研究尚未见报导。为了研究血透患者中，该药的药代动力学和血流动力学变化，Grossman EB等人让15例慢性门诊血透维持患者在血透前2h及血透后2h口服单剂西地那非，先服哪一次进行随机分配确定。     

Changes in T .lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain inJury

BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets should be paid more attention to. OBJECTIVE： To reveal the changing laws of T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury, and compare with mild to moderate brain injury. DESIGN： A comparative observation. SETTINGS： Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Hospital of Prevention and Cure for Chronic Disease. PARTICIPANTS： All the subjects were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City from August 2002 to August 2005. Thirty patients with severe brain injury, whose Glasgow coma score （GCS） was ≤ 8 points, were taken as the experimental group, including 21 males and 9 females, aging 16 - 62 years. Meanwhile, 30 patients with mild traumatic brain injury were taken as the control group （GCS ranged 14- 15 points）, including 18 males and 12 females, aging 15 -58 years. All the subjects were in admission at 6 hours after injury, without disease of major organs before injury Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS： （1） The T lymphocytes and the subsets in peripheral blood were detected with immunofluorescent tricolor flow cytometry at l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury in both groups. （2） The conditions of pulmonary infections were observed at 4 days after injury. The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of T lymphocytes subsets at 1 - 14 days after severe and mild or moderate traumatic injury. RESULTS： Finally, 28 and 25 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, whereas 25 and 21 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed at 7 and 14 days respectively, and the missed ones died due to the development of disease. （1） Changes of T lymphocyte subsets： At 1 and 3 days after injury, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 began to decrease, whereas CD8 increased in the experimental group, which were very significantly different from those in the control group （t =2.77 - 3.26, P 〈 0.01）, and began to recover at 7 days, which were significantly different from those in the control group （t = 2.06 - 2.24, P 〈 0.05）, and generally recovered to the normal levels at 14 days （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Conditions of pulmonary infections： At 4 days after injury, the rate of pulmonary infection was significantly different between the experimental group and control group [73% （22/30）, 0, x2=37.29, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Patients with severe traumatic brain injury suffer from damages of cellular immune function at early period （within 7 days）, and they are easily to be accompanied by pulmonary infections.     

子宫颈活检2593例

宫颈病变是女性生殖系统的常见病和多发病,不同类型宫颈病变的发病年龄不同.410医院于1983-01/2003-12对因宫颈严重病变来院就医的川、陕、甘3省毗邻地区妇女作宫颈活检2 593例,现将其临床及病理分类和发病年龄情况报告如下.     

外伤性肝破裂短期再手术的教训

我们遇到4例外伤性肝破裂,因术中或术后处理不当造成短期再手术,现报告如下。例1:男,16岁。从二楼坠下跌伤腹部30小时。BP100/60mmHg,腹穿抽出不凝血。剖腹探查见腹腔内有血1000ml,右肝前叶及后叶膈面分别有一条15cm及20cm长裂口向膈顶集中,裂口较浅,已有纤维素粘连,无出血。用明胶海绵填压裂口处,置管引流。术后7天拆线。第8天突然出现右上腹绞痛,面色苍白,BP 60/40mmHg,自右下腹抽出少许暗红色血液。6小时后解出暗红色稀便500ml,血色素由95g/L降至84g/L。当晚再次手术见腹腔内积血、积液1800ml,原肝后叶裂口膈顶处有2cm长一段裂开,深4cm,裂口边缘活动性出血,胆囊内充满血块。术中出现心跳骤停、休克。阻断肝蒂积极抗休克,血压平稳后彻底清除裂口周围及深面失活组织,缝扎管索样组织,因边缘出血不止,缝闭裂口止血,结扎肝右动脉,