1例中间型β-地中海贫血的临床诊断和基因检测

目的通过回顾性分析1例中间型β-地中海贫血（地贫）的诊断及基因检测流程,总结中间型地贫的诊断策略。方法分析1例β-地贫合并α-地贫基因型患儿的临床表现,通过地贫基因多重PCR检测及DNA序列测定明确诊断,结合相关文献复习,探讨影响β-地贫表现型的基因因素。结果该地贫患儿基因型为B珠蛋白基因41／42突变的杂合予合并仅仅仅anti3.7基因杂合子。结论中间型地贫的诊断,需要临床表现与基因病变相一致,多重PCR结合DNA序列测定等方法可确诊罕见型基因突变。     

血红蛋白QuongSze的临床研究

目的分析血红蛋白Quong Sze(Hb QS)的临床表现及血液学参数,探讨Hb QS的临床及血液学特点。方法选择在广西医科大学第一附属医院就诊的患者。对病例进行血常规检查;应用高效液相法进行Hb分析;应用反向点杂交、多重PCR进行珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血(地贫)基因突变分析;应用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 9 176例病例中,检出Hb QS杂合子50例(其中8例复合β地贫)及HbH-QS病30例。Hb QS杂合子无临床症状,Hb分析未见异常,其血常规检测显示42例HbQS杂合子平均红细胞容积(MCV)为(73.72±3.57)fL,8例复合β地贫MCV为(63.06±4.59)fL;45例Hb正常,5例Hb稍低于正常值范围。HbH-QS病的临床表现轻重不等,大部分中度至重度贫血,需要不定期输血治疗,少部分表现为轻度贫血;血液学检测为小细胞低色素性贫血;Hb分析显示Hb H为(26.32±8.61)%。结论 Hb QS杂合子具有MCV降低的血液学特征,为首次报道。提示在地贫高发区,当血常规检测仅有MCV降低时应考虑Hb QS杂合子的可能,通过基因分析确诊。HbH-QS病临床表现具有多样性,需在遗传咨询中予以解释说明。     

细胞外基质蛋白和转化生长因子β2共同作用诱导人视网膜色素上皮细胞向肌纤维母细胞转化

目的 了解转化生长因子β2（TGFβ2）和细胞外基质（ECM）调节人胚胎视网膜色素上皮（hfRPE）细胞向肌纤维母细胞分化的作用，确定这种调节的信号传导机制。 方法 hfRPE细胞培养于由ECM包被或未包被的培养皿上，培养液中加入或不加入TGFβ2，用免疫组织化学、流式细胞仪、蛋白印迹技术检测α平滑肌机动蛋白（α-SMA）的表达。在培养液中分别加入calphostin C, 染料木黄铜（genistein）, PD98059和渥曼青霉素（Wortmannin），测定α-SMA的表达。 结果 hfRPE细胞培养于ECM包被的培养板上，培养液中加入TGFβ2后，出现明显的形态学改变，包括细胞伸展变长，可见肌动蛋白微丝的形态。流式细胞仪及免疫细胞化学检测结果显示，培养液中加入TGFβ2可明显增加α-SMA的表达，并与剂量成正相关。当TGFβ2 的刺激浓度为50 ng/ml时，与培养于未包被的培养板上的hfRPE细胞相比，用纤维连接蛋白（FN）包被培养板后，〖JP1〗总的平均荧光强度（TMFI）增加（38.01±1.14）%（P<0.05）。蛋白印迹技术检测显示同样的结果。而上述效应可以大部分被蛋白激酶C（PKC）通路抑制剂calphostin C（10 nmol/L）抑制（P<0.01）。 结论 TGFβ2可诱导hfRPE细胞向肌纤维母细胞转化，并与其剂量成正相关，这种作用可被FN加强。TGFβ2和ECM的这种调节作用可能是通过PKC细胞内信号传导通路而发挥作用 。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2006, 22: 328-332)     

正常人眼眶脂肪及眼外肌中抵抗素的表达

目的了解抵抗素在人眼眶脂肪组织及眼外肌组织中mRNA及蛋白表达情况。方法RT-PCR法检测人眼眶脂肪组织及眼外肌组织中抵抗素mRNA的表达情况；免疫组织化学法检测抵抗素蛋白在人眼眶脂肪组织及眼外肌组织中的表达。结果PCR产物电泳结果示抵抗素产物片段约500bp，脂肪组织中含量高于眼外肌组织。抵抗素蛋白表达位于胞浆，免疫组织化学显示人眼眶脂肪组织及眼外肌组织中有抵抗素蛋白存在。结论在人眼眶脂肪组织及眼外肌组织中可检测到抵抗素mRNA及蛋白的表达，抵抗素可能与眼眶炎性疾病，如Graves眼病、炎性假瘤等有一定的关系。     

密蒙花总黄酮对去势雄鼠干眼症模型角膜和泪腺组织中TNF-α,IL-1β表达的影响

目的:探讨密蒙花总黄酮对去势雄鼠干眼症动物模型角膜及泪腺组织炎症因子表达的影响与组织损伤的关系。方法:选取150只健康1月龄Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为5组(正常组、假手术组、手术对照组、雄激素治疗组、密蒙花总黄酮治疗组,分别用A,B,C,D,E组表示),每组30只。将C,D,E三组实验鼠切除双侧睾丸及附睾;B组只切开阴囊,不切除睾丸,作为假手术对照组,A组不作处理。自造模后1wk,待伤口基本愈合开始用药。A,B,C组以生理盐水灌胃,1次/d;D组用丙酸睾酮注射液大腿肌肉注射,3d1次;E组以密蒙花提取物生理盐水混悬液灌胃,1次/d。各组实验动物分别于用药1,3,5mo后随机取10只,行SchirmerⅠ试验、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)及角膜荧光素染色检查并处死各组动物,取双眼泪腺、角膜组织采用免疫组织化学方法观察各组角膜和泪腺组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α),白细胞介素1β(interleukin 1β,IL-1β)蛋白的表达。结果:A与B组泪腺、角膜上皮细胞中TNF-α,IL-1β阳性表达均不明显;C组泪腺、角膜上皮细胞中TNF-α,IL-1β阳性表达的细胞数明显高于D,E组(P<0.05);D,E各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:去势雄鼠干眼症角膜和泪腺组织局部炎症反应可能是角膜损伤和泪腺分泌功能丧失的原因之一,TNF-α,IL-1β表达增加与其炎症反应有关。密蒙花总黄酮能够下调去势雄鼠角膜和泪腺局部TNF-α,IL-1β蛋白的表达,可能是其治疗干眼症的关键机制之一。     

睫状神经营养因子抗体对眼外肌注射肉毒毒素后神经末梢萌芽的影响

目的 观察多克隆睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)抗体对肉毒毒素(BTX)注射眼外肌后引起的神经末梢萌芽的抑制作用及对肌肉的影响.设计 实验性研究.研究对象 20只新西兰大白兔.方法随机取10只兔,左上直肌作为空白对照(1组),右上直肌直视下注射A型肉毒毒素(BTXA)2.5U(3组),14天后全麻下取出双上直肌标本;另外10只兔左上直肌注射生理盐水对照(2组),右上直肌注射BTXA 2.5 U后第4天,将50 μl CNTF抗体一次性注射到右眼上直肌(4组),14天后取出双上直肌标本.标本行电镜观察、乙酰胆碱酯酶染色及Bielschowsky神经末梢银染法显示神经末稍萌芽,使用Leica显微镜成像系统计数及测量.主要指标 眼外肌有萌芽终板数、平均萌芽总长度及电镜超微结构变化.结果 眼外肌有萌芽终板数和平均萌芽总长度,1组分别为5.75%和10.53 μm;2组为6.11%和11.16μm;3组为84.04%和170.71 μm;4组为54.77%和68.12 μm;差异均有统计学意义(P均=0.000).电镜超微结构观察显示:3组肌肉明显萎缩,肌纤维和神经结构无明显改变;而再注射CNTF抗体4组,可见部分肌丝断裂融解,变性的肌细胞坏死崩解成细胞碎片,引起部分肌肉不可逆性破坏,而神经髓鞘及运动终板结构无明显改变.结论 多克隆CNTF抗体可以抑制BTX诱发的神经萌芽,引起局部肌肉不可逆性破坏,从而可能延长肌麻痹恢复的时间,提示多克隆CNTF抗体可能延长BTX的肌麻痹作用.     

Astrocytes in the damaged brain: Molecular and cellular insights into their reactive response and healing potential

Long considered merely a trophic and mechanical support to neurons, astrocytes have progressively taken the center stage as their ability to react to acute and chronic neurodegenerative situations became increasingly clear. Reactive astrogliosis starts when trigger molecules produced at the injury site drive astrocytes to leave their quiescent state and become activated. Distinctive morphological and biochemical features characterize this process (cell hypertrophy, upregulation of intermediate filaments, and increased cell proliferation). Moreover, reactive astrocytes migrate towards the injured area to constitute the glial scar, and release factors mediating the tissue inflammatory response and remodeling after lesion. A novel view of astrogliosis derives from the finding that subsets of reactive astrocytes can recapitulate stem cell/progenitor features after damage, fostering the concept of astroglia as a promising target for reparative therapies. But which biochemical/signaling pathways modulate astrogliosis with respect to both the time after injury and the type of damage? Are reactive astrocytes overall beneficial or detrimental for neuroprotection and tissue regeneration? This debate has been animating this research field for several years now, and an integrated view on the results obtained and the possible future perspectives is needed. With this Commentary article we have attempted to answer the above-mentioned questions by reviewing the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms controlling and sustaining the reaction of astroglia to injury and its stem cell-like properties. Moreover, the cellular/molecular mechanisms supporting the detrimental or beneficial features of astrogliosis have been scrutinized to gain insights on possible pharmacological approaches to enhance astrocyte neuroprotective activities.     

厄贝沙坦对高糖诱导肾小管上皮细胞转分化中GSK-3β表达的影响

目的探讨糖原合成酶激酶-3β(glycogen synthase ki-nase-3β,GSK-3β)在高糖诱导肾小管上皮细胞转分化中的表达及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1拮抗剂(AT1Ra)厄贝沙坦对其活性的影响。方法体外培养人近端肾小管上皮细胞(HKC),分为正常糖组、甘露醇对照组、高糖组、高糖+厄贝沙坦干预组。采用免疫细胞化学观察磷酸化GSK-3β(p-GSK-3β)在肾小管细胞表达情况;Western blot检测GSK-3β、p-GSK-3β、E-钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达水平;逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测GSK-3β和TGF-β1mRNA表达。结果高糖组较正常糖及甘露醇对照组p-GSK-3β、α-SMA蛋白及TGF-β1mRNA表达增高,E-cadherin表达降低。高糖刺激细胞12hp-GSK-3β表达增强,24h达到高峰。厄贝沙坦能够下调高糖诱导的p-GSK-3β、α-SMA蛋白及TGF-β1mRNA表达,同时逆转E-cadherin下降水平。结论GSK-3β可能参与了高糖诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化过程,厄贝沙坦抑制该过程可能是通过调节GSK-3β的活性而实现的。     

Multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced inhalation toxicity: Recognizing nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog as an ameliorating candidate

Human beings and ecosystems are being possibly exposed to CNTs, as there is a rise in global production rate of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This may affect the health of humans and increases the environmental risk. We have already reported the pulmonary toxicity due to the inhalation of MWCNTs. We claim that a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity may ameliorate the CNT-induced toxic effect. With this view, we have investigated the ameliorative effect of intravenously-administered nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog (NBDMCA) against MWCNTs-induced inhalation toxicity by examining the lung histopathology for inflammatory cell dynamics, pulmonary remodeling and estimating the inflammatory biomarkers in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. We observed that NBDMCA could ameliorate the injury as evidenced by the decline in the levels of markers of inflammation, cell damage, and the histopathological changes induced by MWCNTs. We conclude that NBDMCA may be used to reduce the risk of MWCNTs-induced inhalation toxicity.