北京地区rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗超早期脑梗死患者临床分析

目的分析北京地区12所医院202例超早期脑梗死患者经不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt- PA)静脉溶栓治疗后的疗效及其不良事件,探讨使用rt-PA的最佳剂量及其安全性与可行性。方法287例发病6h以内的脑梗死患者,男201例,女86例,年龄38～80岁,平均64岁。所有患者均伴有偏瘫,头颅CT未见出血及责任梗死灶,无溶栓禁忌证。202例接受rt-PA治疗,分为A组与B组,A组88例,给予rt-PA 0．9 mg/kg。B组114例,给予rt- PA0．6～0．8 mg/kg。C组(对照组)85例患者给予低分子右旋糖酐、复方丹参等治疗。分别比较治疗前与治疗后11d、21 d、90 d的美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)、Barthel指数,并进行疗效评定。结果A组、B组分别与C组90 d的NIHSS评分、Barthel指数相比有显著差异。A组、B组及C组的基本痊愈及显著改善率分别为69%、77%及40%．A组、B组分别与C组脑出血的发生率为7．96%、4．38%及0%。症状性出血(4．55%、2．63%及0%),非症状性出血(2．63%、1．75%及0%)。结论超早期脑梗死静脉应用rt-PA溶栓治疗是安全有效的。不同剂量的rt-PA均减轻了脑梗死的致残率,但两组间无明显差异。中国人rt-PA溶栓治疗最佳剂量尚需要进一步进行大样本的前瞻性、多中心、随机对照研究．     

Subjective leisure experiences of older Australians

Background:  Previous studies into leisure have employed methodologies that may understate the significance of experiential components. This exploratory study investigated the leisure experiences of retired Australians over 65 years of age.
Methods:  Five semistructured interviews were used to explore the leisure experience of older people from metropolitan Adelaide. Data were coded and analysed thematically.
Results:  Relaxation and engrossment emerged as commonly expressed experiences, yet were found to emerge as a result of engagement in occupations predefined as leisure. Experiences of freedom from both necessary duties and a sense of obligation were discussed as potential determinants of leisure consciousness.
Practice implications:  This study highlights a need for therapists to actively access clients' subjective leisure experiences to enable engagement in personally meaningful leisure occupations.     

用Lyman NTCP模型分析原发性肝癌三维适形放疗引起的放射性肝病

目的建立原发性肝癌三维大分割适形放疗Lyman NTCP模型的参数和探讨放射性肝病的影响因素。方法109例患者进行大分割三维适形放疗,其中93例患者肝硬化Child-Pugh分级A级,16例为B级。患者每星期治疗3次,每次间隔48h,(4．8±0．5)Gy/次,平均剂量(53．5±5．5)Gy。用最大拟然比方法分别得到Child-A和Child-B患者Lyman模型中的NTCP参数。结果共有17例发生放射性肝病,发生在Child-A组8例,Child-B组9例。多因数分析表明,肝硬化分级程度是与放射性肝病相关的独立因素(P=0．000)。所有患者的NTCP参数为n=1．1,m=0．35,TD_(50) (1)=38．5Gy；Child-A级为n=1．1,m=0．28,TD_(50)(1)=40．5Gy；Child-B级为n=0．7,m=0．43,TD_(50)(1)=23Gy。结论肝硬化分级是预测放射性肝病发生的危险因子。Child-B患者进行适形放疗易引起放射性肝病。     

28例颈内动脉系统急性脑梗塞动脉溶栓治疗

目的分析颈内动脉系统急性脑梗塞动脉溶栓治疗的有效性和安全性。方法对28例颈内动脉急性脑梗塞的患者进行了动脉溶栓治疗．通过造影显示血管再通情况。术后即刻和24h后分别行头颅CT扫描以了解有无颅内出血（ICH）。术后第90天采用Barthel指数（BI）对患者生活状态进行评估。结果28例患者经动脉溶栓治疗，堵塞血管再通18例，部分再通6例，未通4例；症状性颅内出血8例，死亡5例。术后第90天，生活状态优者14例，良者8例，差或者死亡6例。再通患者生活状态明显优于部分再通及未通患者。结论动脉溶栓具有较高的症状性颅内出血率及死亡率。再通患者生活状态较好。     

烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形综合治疗的临床研究

目的通过比较手术结合康复综合治疗方案与常规治疗方案对烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形的治疗效果,探讨综合治疗的优越性及经验。方法1999年6月~2004年6月,共56例烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形患者纳入试验。综合治疗组(A组)28例,男20例,女8例;年龄14~47岁,平均31岁;患手共47只129指,以手术结合系统康复治疗。常规治疗组(B组)28例,男17例,女11例;年龄18~51岁,平均30岁;患手共42只107指,采用常规手术,术后仅作简单的康复性锻炼指导,由患者在院外自己完成功能锻炼。采用Swanson法对患指运动功能进行评定,九孔柱试验法对患手整体运动功能进行评定,比较两组患者治疗前后手指和手整体运动功能的差异。结果A组患者术后均获随访12~19个月,B组患者均获随访13~20个月。治疗前A组患指的强直失能指数(indexofankylosis,IA)值为82%±20%,B组为78%±17%;治疗后A组为45%±13%,B组为52%±14%;治疗前后A组IA差值为37%±15%,B组为26%±15%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前A组九孔柱测量值28.34±5.62s,B组为27.47±5.78s;治疗后A组为20.73±4.25s,B组为21.86±4.12s;治疗前后A组九孔柱测量差值为7.61±2.27s,B组为5.61±2.94s,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形采用手术结合康复综合治疗的效果明显优于常规治疗,值得推广。     

Easier node dissection after chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer with collagen insertion at mediastinoscopy

Objective: Induction chemoradiotherapy followed by anatomical resection is a current therapeutic strategy for non-small-cell lung cancer with mediastinal node involvement. Dense peritracheal fibrosis and sclerosis after chemoradiotherapy cause difficult mediastinal node dissection. We evaluated a novel technique to make the mediastinal node dissection easier after induction therapy. Methods: At the end of mediastinoscopic node biopsy for staging of lung cancer, cotton-type collagen was inserted anterior and lateral to the trachea in patients with pathologically confirmed mediastinal node involve-ment (n=45). The induction therapy consisted of concurrent use of platinum-based chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy. After the chemoradiotherapy all patients underwent a pulmonary resection with complete mediastinal node dissection 7–12 weeks after the collagen insertion. Surgical findings of the mediastinum and the time for node dissection were compared with those without collagen insertion at mediastinoscopy after chemoradiotherapy (n=5). Results: All five patients without collagen insertion showed sclerotic and fibrotic change of mediastinal nodes with severe adhesion to the trachea. In 42 of 45 patients with collagen insertion (93.3%) the collagen remained unabsorbed and separated the mediastinal nodes from the trachea. Mediastinal node dissection was easily accomplished by removing mediastinal tissues lateral and anterior to the collagen. The rate of mediastinal node separation was significantly higher with collagen insertion than without (p< 0.0001). The times for node dissection in patients with and without collagen insertion showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Cotton-type collagen insertion at staging mediastinoscopy for lung cancer separates the mediastinal nodes from the trachea and makes the node dissection easier after induction chemoradiotherapy.     

腰椎管狭窄症术后下肢残留麻木的发生率及影响因素

[目的]探讨腰椎管狭窄症术后下肢残留麻木的发生率和影响因素。[方法]2001年1月～2003年2月手术治疗56例腰椎管狭窄症患者，术后随访10d，1、3个月、1年和2年，记录患者神经功能和残留症状。[结果]术前82．1％的患者有下肢麻木，术后10d，1、3个月、1年和2年分别有43．6％、39．I％、36．6％、35．3％和35．7％的患者下肢残留麻木，与病程、术前JOA评分和椎管狭窄类型有关，与年龄和神经根直径无关。[结论]腰椎管狭窄症患者术后1个月内下肢麻木恢复最快，术后1年和2年下肢麻木发生率为35．3％和35．7％，推测神经组织的潜在恢复能力影响下肢麻木的发生率。     

Nd∶YAG激光防治根管治疗期间急症发生的效果分析

目的分析激光消毒根管,防治根管治疗期间急症(endodonticinterappointmentemergencies,EIAE)发生的效果。方法慢性根尖周炎、慢性牙髓炎、牙髓坏死患者189例,随机分为激光组94例和对照组95例。激光组用激光消毒根管后一次性完成根管治疗;对照组直接行一次性完成根管治疗。对激光防治EIAE的效果进行临床评估。结果EIAE的发生率激光组为9.6%,对照组为35.8%,两组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论运用激光消毒根管能有效地预防和降低根管治疗期间急症的发生。     

妊娠期糖尿病62例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病的合理处理及预后.方法 选择62例妊娠期糖尿病患者进行回顾性分析.结果 妊娠期糖尿病62例,其中单纯饮食控制17例,饮食控制 胰岛素治疗43例,2例未治疗.剖宫产42例,阴道产20例.合并妊高症3例,羊水过多2例,羊水过少4例,羊水栓塞1例,早产5例,高胆红素血症3例,真性红细胞增多症2例,死胎2例,新生儿窒息4例,新生儿畸形1例.结论 对妊娠合并糖尿病的孕妇进行早期的诊断及治疗,选择合适的时间及方式终止妊娠可以减少母儿并发症的发生率.