Conservatively Treated Breast Cancer: Outcome by Histologic Subtype

Abstract: Between 1970 and 1990, 1,008 patients with early-stage breast cancer were treated by conservative surgery without axillary dissection followed by radiation therapy to the intact breast in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology at Yale-New Haven Hospital. The patient population, broken down by histologic subtype, was as follows: 761 patients presented with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 70 patients with pure intraductal, 38 intraductal with focal invasion, 54 infiltrating lobular, 21 tubular, 17 medullary, 16 mucinous, and 29 with other various histologic subtypes. Patients were followed on a regular basis by the referring physicians and radiation oncologists. Diagnostic studies for distant metastases were performed as clinically indicated. Annual mammography was a routine component of the follow-up program. As of 3/96, with a median follow-up of 10.5 years, 83 patients developed an ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, and 109 patients developed distant metastases resulting in an overall 10-year breast recurrence-free rate of 84%, and a 10-year distant metastasis-free rate of 78%. There were significant differences in clinical stage, pathological nodal involvement, and administration of systemic therapy between various histologic subtypes. As expected, those patients with histologies of low metastatic potential (such as intraductal, tubular, and mucinous) had significantly superior distant recurrence-free survival rates. With respect to breast relapse rates, there were no statistically significant differences in the 5- and 10-year breast recurrence-free rates between any of the histologic subtypes. Patients with intraductal carcinoma with or without focal invasion had similar breast relapse rates as those with other histologic subtypes. Patients with lobular carcinoma in situ as a histologic component also had a similar overall breast relapse-free recurrence rate. In conclusion, long-term follow-up of conservatively treated breast cancer patients demonstrates no significant differences in ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence rates between various histologic subtypes. There are no histologies which had a statistically significantly higher breast-relapse rate than infiltrating ductal carcinomas and therefore no primary histologic subtype represents a relative contraindication to breast conservation therapy.     

美托洛尔治疗高血压病的疗效及其耐受性

原发性高血压患者425例(男252,女173;年龄60±s12a)采用美托洛尔100mg,po,每晨1次,4wk为一个疗程。总有效率82.4％,治疗2wk后血压继续下降,心率并不继续减慢。不良反应主要为心率减慢后的症状及神经系症状,停药率6.4％。60a以上的患者总有效率及停药率与中、青年患者无明显区别。故美托洛尔同样适用于老年人。     

异丙酚在无抽搐电休克治疗麻醉中的应用

目的 :研究异丙酚在无抽搐电休克治疗 (MECT)麻醉中的应用效果及安全性。方法 :34例首次住院的精神分裂症患者随机分为异丙酚组和硫喷妥钠组 ,每组 17例 ,每例完成 1个疗程 6次MECT治疗 ,每组完成 10 2人次治疗 (n =10 2 )。每次治疗时 ,异丙酚组给予异丙酚静脉麻醉 ,硫喷妥钠组给予硫喷妥钠静脉麻醉 ,全麻诱导后皆静注琥珀酰胆碱 ,待肌肉松弛后行MECT治疗。全程监测患者心电图、血氧饱和度、血压、心率、脉搏 ,并观察记录自主呼吸恢复时间。苏醒时间和不良反应 ,进行前瞻性研究。结果 :与硫喷妥钠组相比 ,异丙酚组自主呼吸恢复快 ,苏醒快 ,无咳嗽 ,呃逆 ,呕吐等不良反应 ,两组差异显著。而异丙酚组注射点疼痛发生率显著高于硫喷妥钠组。结论 :在MECT中应用异丙酚静脉麻醉是一种更安全、有效的方法。     

Adenoma malignum (minimal deviation adenocarcinoma) of the cervix responsive to hormonal treatment

Adenoma malignum (AM) is a rare variant of cervical adenocarcinoma with an unfavorable prognosis despite radiation therapy, surgery, or chemotherapy either alone or in combination. Hitherto, however, the effectiveness of hormonal therapy for this condition has not been evaluated. We report on a patient with cervical AM treated with progesterone before surgery. The progesterone therapy resulted in a complete clinical response and partial surgical response. Later on the treatment was changed to tamoxifen because of side effects of the progesterone treatment. The patient is still without evidence of disease 42 months after the start of the hormonal therapy. The progesterone receptor analysis on the biopsy was clearly positive. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of an AM responsive to hormonal treatment. Furthermore, this is the first case of an AM with bone metastases at the time of primary diagnosis.     

DNA flow-cytometric analysis in colorectal cancer: A comparison of metastasizing and non-metastasizing tumours

The most common cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer is metastatic liver disease. In order to identify patients at a high risk of developing hepatic secondaries from colorectal cancers, DNA content was measured in metastasizing colorectal primaries (Group I, n= 32) as well as in their subsequently resected liver secondaries and in sections of non-metastasizing colorectal cancers (Group II, n= 25). A modified interpretation system involving both a DNA index and percentage of cycling cells (those in S and G2 + M phases) was developed. DNA content was measured in paraffin-embedded sections by flow cytometry using internal controls (human peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and non-malignant tissue controls (19 patients with diverticular disease). In Group I there were significantly more tumours with both abnormal ploidy (aneuploid or abnormal tetraploid peak) and > 15% cycling cells compared with Group II (Chi-squared; P= 0.034). The combination of abnormal ploidy and > 15% cycling cells was superior to Dukes’ classification for identifying metastasizing tumours (Logistic Regression; P= 0.047). However, it was not possible to discriminate between the two groups using either DNA ploidy or the percentage of cycling cells alone. The metastasizing colorectal cancers exhibited similar DNA ploidy characteristics and had a similar percentage of cycling cells compared with their liver metastases. These results suggest that tumour DNA ploidy plus the percentage of cycling cells may predict the development of liver metastases and thus survival in patients with colorectal cancer.     

Assessment of enamel hypoplasia in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED)

The features of enamel hypoplasia in a small group of patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) are described. Using a recently developed method, the authors evaluated quantitatively the amount of defect in each tooth by measuring the width of the hypoplastic lesions and dividing the value by the crown height. They then assessed the degree of damage in each tooth type (from central incisors to second premolars) and patient. Canines were the most severely affected among maxillary and mandibular teeth, but all tooth types were involved. Analysing both the differences between patients and their age at the beginning of the defect, the authors observe that hypoparathyroidism is not responsible for the onset of enamel hypoplasia in APECED, although it may contribute to the damage.