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991.
Jehad Al Watban Georges Rodesch Hortensia Alvarez Pierre Lasjaunias 《Child's nervous system》1995,11(7):406-408
The authors present three cases of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) diagnosed in infancy and submitted by the referring teams for stereotactic radiosurgery as the initial therapy (therapeutic doses ranging between 20–25 Gy and 40–50 Gy to the peak dose). After the conventional follow-up of 18–24 months, no change could be detected in the angioarchitecture of the lesions. All three cases were then referred for endovascular treatment and underwent embolization by the transarterial route using liquid adhesives (N-butyl cyanoacrylate). This resulted in complete anatomical exclusion of the lesion. Regardless of the theoretical efficiency of radiosurgery in the management of brain arteriovenous malformations, the present authors believe that transarterial embolization remains the treatment of choice in VGAMs. It offers a high rate of morphological cure and the best chances for normal neurocognitive development. The time required by radiosurgery to achieve a significant result is too long for developing and maturing brain and may not prevent the negative effects of the lesion, mainly in regard to hemo- and hydrodynamic disorders (atrophy, subcortical calcifications, etc.) created by the VGAM, thus leading to irreversible mental retardation. 相似文献
992.
本文在兔MCAO局灶脑缺血模型基础上,利用外源性一氧化氮(NO)前体物质L-精氨酸和NOS抑制剂L-NNA研究NO对脑缺血后脑水肿和脑梗塞的影响。NZW兔42只随机分为7组,每组6只,计对照组、假手术组、MCAO组、MCAO+NS组、MCAO+L-Arg组、MCAO+D-Arg组及MCAO+L-Arg+L-NNA组。结果提示:与单纯MCAO组比较,L-Arg组的脑组织H_2O、Na~+、Ca~(2+)含量明显下降(P<0.01),脑梗塞灶亦明显缩小(P<0.01)。从而显示L-Arg系通过产生NO促使血管舒张而减轻脑水肿和缩小梗塞灶,为临床改进脑缺血的治疗提供依据。 相似文献
993.
熵代表无序的水平,作者使用通气的熵变(ECV)指示肺通气的不均匀性,ECV定义为当前泡潮气量趋近于零时每摩尔被吸入气体从不均匀通气到均匀通气的熵变的极限。本文从熵的基本公式民地出ECV的计算方程。用几个数学模型肺将ECV同其他7个洗出指标进行了比较。8个指标中,只有ECV仅取决于通气分布,其他7个指标不仅取决于通气分布,还同潮气量和死腔的大小有关。这影响了它们评价肺通气不均匀性的效果,ECV的另一 相似文献
994.
The role of proteolytic enzymes in the hCG-induced increase in testicular vasopermeability and neutrophil extravasation was studied using protease inhibitors. An intra-testicular injection of hCG together with incubation medium conditioned by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) caused a significant increase in vasopermeability and a coincident extravasation of PMN's from the postcapillary venules in the rat testis. When p-aminobenzamidine, a serine protease inhibitor which inhibits urokinase-type plasminogen activator, was administered together with hCG in the incubation medium, both the permeability increase and PMN extravasation were prevented. Aprotinin, another serine protease inhibitor, and Eglin C, a specific neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G inhibitor were, however, without effect. None of these inhibitors caused any non-specific vascular effects in the testis at the concentrations used. These results support the concept that the hCG-induced increase in vasopermeability in the rat testis is related to extravasation of PMNs and suggest that urokinase-type plasminogen activator is involved in migration of these cells through the postcapillary venular walls. 相似文献
995.
重视药物利用评价研究,开展药物利用评价活动 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
药物利用评价是当前医院合理用药的深入发展的重要体现,也是临床药学的重要工作之一。本文论述了药物利用评价的目的、意义、方法和进展,以及药物利用评价在医院药房中的应用,以期引起有关人员的重视。 相似文献
996.
997.
M. Villaplana A. García Ayala M. P. García Hernández B. Agulleiro 《Anatomy and embryology》1996,193(5):441-452
The cell organization of the pituitary gland and the relationship between neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis in the early developmental stages of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, were studied by electron microscopy. In newly hatched larvae, the pituitary gland was embedded in the ventral floor of the diencephalon and separated from the hypothalamus by a continuous basal lamina. Elongated mesenchymal cells next to the ventral surface were observed. At this stage, there was no neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis consisted of undifferentiated endocrine cells with small scarce secretory granules and a few stellate cells, with no distinctive zonation. An incipient neurohypophysis was present in 1-day-old larvae. The first evagination of the neurohypophysis into the adenohypophysis were observed in 2-day-old larvae and developed progressively with age, being deeper in the caudal zone. Two regions in the adenohypophysis, one anterior — the presumptive pars distalis — and one posterior — the presumptive pars intermedia — were found in 2-day-old larvae. Three regions (rostral and proximal pars distalis and pars intermedia) were clearly distinguishable in 4-day-old larvae. The ultrastructural features of the pituitary endocrine cells varied during gland differentiation, with the secretory granules gradually increasing in number and size, accompanying organelle development. Nevertheless, even in the oldest larvae studied (65 days), undifferentiated cells similar to those in the earliest stages were observed. The first blood vessels appeared in the neurohypophysis around 16 days after hatching. During early development, the pituitary gland progressively emerged from the ventral floor of the brain. By 16 days, the principal pattern of the pituitary gland architecture appeared to be established. 相似文献
998.
Juhani Trmnen Osmo Tervonen Antero Koivula Juhani Junila Ilkka Suramo 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》1996,6(5):805-811
The purpose of this study was to explore systematically the effect of the imaging parameters changeable by the user in spin-echo (SE) imaging sequences to minimize image distortion when imaging joint prostheses. A titanium alloy hip joint prosthesis was studied at 1.0 T. The SE imaging parameters were bandwidth/pixel (BW/p), TE, strength of encoding gradients (matrix size), echo train length (ETL), and direction of phase and frequency encoding. The effect of ETL in rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced (RARE) sequences was also evaluated with a turbo-SE sequence using a different ETL with the same TR and an effective TE. It is concluded that an optimized image quality can be achieved in SE imaging by using a high bandwidth/pixel value (at least 130 Hz/pixel), a high resolution matrix (256–512), sequences with multiple refocusing, and a frequency-encoding axis parallel to the long axis of the prosthesis. The degree of distortion is reduced with this optimized technique. 相似文献
999.
采用计算机图象纹理分析和相关点阵检测技术,对人食管正常粘膜、不典型增生上皮及原位癌的不同纹理特征进行了观察。观察样品为常规病理切片,用计算机图象分析系统检测了组织的纹理特征。对受检图象建立了三种灰色分层关系矩阵,同时计算了8种纹理测度。结果显示,在重度不典型增生上皮和原位癌之间,其纹理测度和相关点阵检测数据均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。全部测量数据经计算机多元逐步判别分析,其正判率达90%以上。本研究结果表明,计算机纹理分析方法可正确地判别食管癌前病变和原位癌的组织结构异型性。提示本技术在食管癌的早期诊断方面具有肯定的实用性价值。 相似文献
1000.
Gene M. Heyman 《Psychopharmacology》1993,112(2-3):259-269
A series of experiments evaluated the determinants of preference for mixtures of ethanol plus sucrose relative to sucrose in rats. One dipper served 10% ethanol mixed with 10% sucrose, and the second dipper served 10% sucrose. Lever presses operated each dipper according to a variable-interval 5-s schedule. In three experiments the subjects were given pre-session meals of sucrose (2.5–20 ml) or sucrose (20 ml) plus chow (5 or 10 g). Pre-session meals decreased responding maintained by sucrose but not responding maintained by ethanol mixture. In two experiments body weight was varied from 85% to 125% of the initial free-feeding values. Increases in body weight, like pre-session meals, decreased responding reinforced by sucrose, but typically did not decrease responding reinforced by ethanol mixture. Throughout most of the study, ethanol consumption remained at about 1.25 ml per half hour session (3–4 g/kg per 30 min). For example, pre-session access to ethanol mixture decreased within-session ethanol consumption, but total consumption, counting both sources, remained about 1.25 ml/session. The within-session patterns of responding also differed. Responding reinforced by ethanol mix decreased as a function of ethanol consumption, whereas responding reinforced by sucrose was relatively constant throughout the session. The simplest explanation of the results is that ethanol's pharmacological consequences regulated preference. 相似文献