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目的建立环境水样中痕量铜的浊点萃取(cloud point extraction,CPE)-火焰原子吸收光谱(flame atomic absorption spectrometry,FAAS)测定法。方法样品在p H 9.5的条件下,加入0.4 ml的1 mmol/L 2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚(5-Br-PADAP)溶液,0.1%氯化钙溶液0.1 ml,5%(W/V)Triton X-114溶液0.8 ml,40℃加热15 min后离心,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行检测。结果在2~240μg/L的线性范围内,所得回归方程为A=0.002 7c+0.024 6,r=0.995 8。以3倍信噪比计算,方法的检出限为0.62μg/L,富集倍数为36.58倍,平均加标回收率为96.28%~98.08%,RSD为1.67%~3.13%。结论该方法简单、灵敏,具有良好的重现性,适用于环境水样中痕量铜的测定。 相似文献
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A Well-Balanced Positivity-Preserving Quasi-Lagrange Moving Mesh DG Method for the Shallow Water Equations
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A high-order, well-balanced, positivity-preserving quasi-Lagrange moving
mesh DG method is presented for the shallow water equations with non-flat bottom
topography. The well-balance property is crucial to the ability of a scheme to simulate perturbation waves over the lake-at-rest steady state such as waves on a lake or
tsunami waves in the deep ocean. The method combines a quasi-Lagrange moving
mesh DG method, a hydrostatic reconstruction technique, and a change of unknown
variables. The strategies in the use of slope limiting, positivity-preservation limiting,
and change of variables to ensure the well-balance and positivity-preserving properties are discussed. Compared to rezoning-type methods, the current method treats
mesh movement continuously in time and has the advantages that it does not need to
interpolate flow variables from the old mesh to the new one and places no constraint
for the choice of a update scheme for the bottom topography on the new mesh. A selection of one- and two-dimensional examples are presented to demonstrate the well-balance property, positivity preservation, and high-order accuracy of the method and
its ability to adapt the mesh according to features in the flow and bottom topography. 相似文献
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Keith P. Reber John D. Sivey Matthew Vollmuth Priyansh D. Gujarati 《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2022,65(9):254-263
Parabens are antimicrobial additives found in a wide array of consumer products. However, the halogenated compounds formed from parabens during wastewater disinfection are a potential environmental concern. In order to identify these transformation products and investigate their mechanism of formation, a synthetic route to ethyl parabens labeled with the stable isotope carbon-13 at specific positions within the benzene ring was developed. This efficient two-step procedure starts from commercially available 13C-labeled phenols and involves (1) initial acylation of the phenol via a Houben–Hoesch reaction with trichloroacetonitrile followed by (2) a modified haloform reaction of the resulting trichloromethyl ketone to afford the corresponding 13C-labeled ethyl parabens in 65%–80% overall yield. The scope of the modified haloform reaction was also investigated, allowing for the synthesis of other parabens derived from primary or secondary alcohols, including 13C- and deuterium-labeled esters. In addition, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid can be formed directly from the common trichloromethyl ketone intermediate upon treatment with lithium hydroxide. This protocol complements existing methods for preparing 13C-labeled paraben derivatives and offers the specific advantages of exhibiting complete regioselectivity in the Houben–Hoesch reaction (to form the para-disubstituted product) and avoiding the need for protecting groups in the modified haloform reaction that forms the paraben esters. 相似文献
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目的:观察稀土化合物硝酸钇[Y(NO3)3]亚慢性(90 d)暴露对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响,并探究其可能的机制,为全面评估稀土元素钇的健康风险提供科学依据。方法:选用刚离乳(PND21)SD雌性大鼠,根据质量随机分为4组,分别为对照组(ddH2O),Y(NO3)3低剂量组[10 mg/(kg·d)]、中剂量组[40 mg/(kg·d)]和高剂量组[160 mg/(kg·d)],每组15只。连续灌胃受试物90 d后进行旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验、转棒实验、Morris水迷宫实验。水迷宫检测后,每组取5只雌鼠心脏原位灌注,进行脑组织病理学检查。每组剩余10只雌鼠摘取脑组织,紫外分光光度计检测雌鼠大脑皮质和海马中谷氨酸(Glu)的含量;Western blot检测海马组织中N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体蛋白表达情况。结果:与对照组相比,硝酸钇90 d暴露后,转棒实验中160 mg/(kg·d)剂量组大鼠在棒时间、在棒圈数、掉落速度明显升高(P<0.05)。在Morris水迷宫定位航向实验第4天时,40、160 mg/(kg·d)剂量组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显降低(P<0.05);Morris水迷宫空间探索实验中,40 mg/(kg·d)剂量组大鼠穿越平台次数、目标象限游泳时间明显增加(P<0.05);160 mg/(kg·d)剂量组穿越平台次数、进入目标象限次数、目标象限游泳时间明显增加(P<0.05);160 mg/(kg·d)剂量组大鼠东北、东南、西南象限的逃避潜伏期明显低于西北象限的逃避潜伏期(P<0.05)。160 mg/(kg·d)剂量组大鼠海马中Glu含量和NMDA受体NR1含量均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。40和160 mg/(kg·d)剂量组大鼠海马中NMDA受体NR2A含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:硝酸钇亚慢性(90 d)暴露可以引起雌性大鼠空间学习记忆能力增强;硝酸钇可能通过降低海马组织神经元细胞外Glu含量,抑制NMDA受体激活,增强雌性大鼠的空间学习记忆能力。 相似文献
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A study was undertaken of all drowning deaths that occurred over a 30-year period from 1988 to 2017 in the urban section of the River Torrens, Adelaide, South Australia, an augmented waterway that runs through the central business district. Autopsy records from Forensic Science South Australia (FSSA) were reviewed. There were 34 drownings (0–5 cases/yr) with 28 males and 6 females (M;F = 4.6:1), with an age range for males of 18-76yrs (mean 42.0; SD 18.0) and for females of 20-84yrs (mean 69.3; SD 24.5). There were 15 (44%) accidents, 11 (32%) suicides, 1 (3%) homicide and 7 (21%) undetermined. Of the 22 cases during or after 1994 with complete toxicology reports, 10 (45%) had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of greater than 0.05% (g/100 mL) with an illicit substance detected in 4 (18%) cases: (MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), methylamphetamine and THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) acid). The presence of various therapeutic drugs was also detected in 10 cases (45%) including temazepam, fluoxetine, diazepam, olanzapine, amitriptyline, carbamazepine, codeine, citalopram and valproate. Although the numbers of cases were not high, the urban portion of the River Torrens had a much higher number of drowning events per kilometre compared to other inland waterways in South Australia such as the Murray River. This is most likely due to the vulnerability that exists for intoxicated individuals in the city from falls into the water and to the availability of the river as a means of suicide to members of the adjacent urban population. 相似文献
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《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2019,222(7):1030-1037
In the Netherlands, safe and sufficient drinking water is provided to the general population by ten drinking water companies. To guarantee safe drinking water the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a Water Safety Plan (WSP), a Risk Assessment and a Risk Management (RA/RM) framework. The objective of the study was to identify legally required RA approaches, to document application of RA/RM activities at Dutch drinking water companies and to determine to what extent these RA/RM activities as a whole cover all the elements of the WHO WSP approach. This study could be of interest to both managers of large water utilities and decision makers.The assessment was performed by means of a policy review and interviews with two to four staff members involved in RA/RM from all ten Dutch drinking water companies combined with a joint workshop. The drinking water companies are well aware of the potential hazards and risks that can influence the drinking water quality. To guarantee the supply of safe and sufficient drinking water, the Dutch drinking water sector uses six different legally required RA/RM approaches. This study shows that by using the six legally required RA/RM approaches, all WSP steps are covered. WSP entails a generic risk assessment for identifying all hazards and hazardous events from source to tap, whereas the six legally required RA/RM each focus on specific risks at an advanced level. Each risk assessment provides information on specific hazards and hazardous events covering a part of the water supply chain. These legal requirements are complemented with additional RA/RM activities at sector and water company level such as codes of practices and standard operating procedures. The outcomes of all RA/RM approaches combined provide information from source to tap. When using multiple RA/RM approaches, it is crucial to share and combine information derived from the different activities. 相似文献
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