水盐控制对CAPD患者微炎症状态的影响

目的 了解水盐控制对持续不卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者徽炎症状态的影响。方法 选择在我院肾内科门诊随诊行标准CAPD的患者32例,实验组（n=16）以健康教育的形式指导患者进行严格的水盐摄人控制。对照组（n=16）自由进水、进食;实验3、6个月时抽血测定C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、血清白蛋白（Alb）、胆固醇（CH）、甘油三酯（TG）,并随访血压变化。结果 实验组6个月时CRP、IL-6较实验前有显著意义下降（P〈0．05）,与相同时间对照组比较亦有明显差别（P〈0．05）;实验组血Alb6月时明显上升（P〈0．05）,与相同时间对照组比较有显著差别（P〈0．01）,TG、CH两组无明显意义改变（P〉0．05）。实验组的血压较对照组比较呈下降趋势。结论 严格的水盐控制能明显减轻CAPD患者的微炎症状态。机理可能与减轻容量负荷、改善营养不良有关。     

参附注射液对尿毒症心肌病并心功能衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的：探讨参附注射液治疗尿毒症心肌病并心功能衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法：筛选40例尿毒症心肌病并心功能衰竭患者,分为常规组20例,实验组20例,观察实验组20例尿毒症心功能衰竭行维持性血液透析患者在常规综合治疗基础上加用参附注射液治疗后的心脏左室收缩功能改善情况,共2个疗程14d,并观察治疗前后两组患者N末端B型利钠肽原（NT-proBNP）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）及心脏大小改善情况。结果：治疗后实验组患者左室射血分数（LVEF）、短缩分数（FS）和每搏量（SV,m1）均较治疗前明显改善（均P〈0．05）,且与常规组相比较,差异亦有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。实验组NT—proBNP和CRP水平较前明显降低,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）,与常规组相比较,差异亦有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。治疗前后两组患者心脏结构指标（LAD、LVDd、LVDs、IVST、LVPWT）值相比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：尿毒症心肌病并心功能衰竭患者存在泵血功能衰竭和微炎症状态,参附注射液通过改善心肌收缩力和微炎症状态,从而改善尿毒症患者心功能和临床症状。     

左-卡尼汀对终末期肾病患者微炎症和氧化应激状态的影响

目的探讨左-卡尼汀对终末期肾病（ESRD）患者微炎症和氧化应激状态的影响。方法选择住院及长期门诊治疗的ESRD患者62例,分为血液透析组、保守治疗组,二组又各自分为左-卡尼汀组和对照组两个亚组,另设15例体检正常者为健康对照组,左-卡尼汀组给予静脉注射左-卡尼汀1．0g,3次／周,进行为期6月的随访,分别于人选初、3、6月后测定微炎症指标：高敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）;氧化应激指标：丙二醛（MDA）、血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）。结果血液透析组、保守治疗组患者hs—CRP、IL-6和MDA水平高于健康对照组,GSH—Px低于健康对照组（P〈0．01）;血液透析组患者hs—CRP水平高于保守治疗组患者,GSH—Px低于保守治疗组患者（P〈0．05）;左-卡尼汀治疗后与治疗前比较hs,CRP、IL-6和MDA水平降低,GSH．Px水平升高fP〈0．05）。结论ESRD患者均存在一定程度的微炎症及氧化应激状态增强,左-卡尼汀可明显改善微炎症及氧化应激状态。     

Effects of biofilm formation on haemodialysis monitor disinfection.

BACKGROUND: Biofilms are composed of communities of micro-organisms adhering to essentially any surface. We evaluated whether biofilm formation in the hydraulic circuit of a purposely contaminated haemodialysis monitor would modify the efficacy of different disinfection modalities against bacteria and endotoxin concentrations. METHODS: A water-borne Pseudomonas aeruginosa (109) suspension was recirculated for 1 h and was left standing for 72 h (stationary phase) in the hydraulic circuit of the monitor. The monitor was then washed and disinfected by different physical (heat, 85 degrees C) or chemical (hypochlorite or peracetic acid) disinfection modalities (protocol A). In protocol B, the bacterial suspension was also recirculated for 1 h, but the monitor was then immediately washed and disinfected by different chemical disinfection modalities (hypochlorite or peracetic acid). RESULTS: Biofilm formation was revealed by scanning and confocal laser electron microscopy after the stationary phase (protocol A), but was absent when the monitor was immediately washed and disinfected (protocol B). In the presence of biofilm (protocol A), heat in association with citric acid was the most effective modality for reducing both colony forming units and endotoxin concentrations, whereas heat by itself was the least effective method of disinfection. Dwelling (60 h) with diluted peracetic acid completely prevented the formation of biofilm. In the absence of biofilm (protocol B), chemical disinfection proved to be effective against both colony forming units and endotoxin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: We found that biofilm formation may markedly reduce the efficacy of presently available disinfection modalities. Therefore, different disinfection modalities and the combined action of descaling (by citric acid) and disinfection (physical/chemical agents) should be used periodically in haemodialysis monitors. In addition, dwelling with diluted peracetic acid should be adopted whenever monitors are not in use.     

幽门螺旋杆菌感染与维持性血液透析患者微炎症的关系

目的研究幽门螺旋杆菌（HP）感染与维持性血液透析患者微炎症之间的关系。方法选择深圳市罗湖区人民医院2011年3月-2012年3月间诊治的100例血液透析患者,对其存在HP感染率进行分析,比较有无感染HP患者的血清C反应蛋白（CRP）、血清前白蛋白（PA）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）以及血液血红蛋白（Hb）浓度的不同。结果 100例患者中,共有26例出现HP感染,血液透析人群与正常人群感染HP的概率未见明显差异,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。HP阳性的血液透析患者血清CRP明显高于HP阴性患者;HP阳性的血液透析患者Hb、血清PA水平明显低于HP阴性患者;HP阳性的患者经过抗HP治疗后,CRP水平明显下降,同时Hb、血清PA及TNF-α水平也程度不等的回升,但是Hb变化不明显。结论通过对这类患者的微炎症实施治疗,能够明显降低患者出现心脑血管疾病的相关性,提高患者的生存治疗,缓解医疗行业的负担,同时也降低患者的经济负担。     

左卡尼汀对透析中低血压患者微炎症和血压的影响

目的观察左卡尼汀对存在透析中低血压的维持性血液透析患者微炎症和血压的干预作用。方法选择透析中低血压患者22例,随机分为治疗组12例和对照组10例,每次透析结束后,治疗组给予静脉注射左卡尼汀2 g,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。治疗前后检测2组患者血清炎症标志物C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,比较血液透析中血压的变化和透析中低血压发生次数。结果与治疗前相比,治疗组CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著下降,透析中血压明显升高,透析中低血压发生率明显降低;上述指标组间比较均有显著性差异(P均<0.05)。结论左卡尼汀可明显改善存在透析中低血压的维持性血液透析患者的微炎症和血压,可作为一种长期治疗药物。     

左卡尼汀对透析中低血压患者微炎症和血压的影响

目的观察左卡尼汀对存在透析中低血压的维持性血液透析患者微炎症和血压的干预作用。方法选择透析中低血压患者22例,随机分为治疗组12例和对照组10例,每次透析结束后,治疗组给予静脉注射左卡尼汀2 g,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。治疗前后检测2组患者血清炎症标志物C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平,比较血液透析中血压的变化和透析中低血压发生次数。结果与治疗前相比,治疗组CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著下降,透析中血压明显升高,透析中低血压发生率明显降低;上述指标组间比较均有显著性差异（P均〈0.05）。结论左卡尼汀可明显改善存在透析中低血压的维持性血液透析患者的微炎症和血压,可作为一种长期治疗药物。     

Androgenetic alopecia in males: a histopathological and ultrastructural study

Background  Androgenetic alopecia is a common cosmetic hair disorder, resulting from interplay of genetic, endocrine, and aging factors leading to a patterned follicular miniaturization. Microinflammation seems to be a potential active player in this process.
Aims  To study the histopathological and ultrastructural changes occurring in male androgenetic alopecia (AGA).
Patients/methods  Fifty-five subjects were included in this study (40 with AGA and 15 as normal age-matched controls). Skin biopsies from frontal bald area and occipital hairy area were subjected to histopathological examination, immunohistochemical staining for collagen I and ultrastructural study.
Results  The frontal bald area of patients showed highly significant increase in telogen hairs and decrease in anagen/telogen ratio and terminal/vellus hair ratio ( P  <   0.001). Perifollicular inflammation was almost a constant feature in early cases and showed a significant inverse correlation with perifollicular fibrosis ( P  =   0.048), which was more marked with thickening of the follicular sheath in advanced cases.
Conclusion  Follicular microinflammation plays an integral role in the pathogenesis of AGA in early cases. Over time, thickening of perifollicular sheath takes place due to increased deposition of collagen, resulting in marked perifollicular fibrosis, and sometimes ends by complete destruction of the affected follicles in advanced cases.     

杂合式血液净化对维持性血液透析患者β2微球蛋白水平及微炎症状态的影响

目的 分析杂合式血液净化对维持性血液透析患者β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平及微炎症状态的影响.方法 选取2015年4-10月重庆医科大学附属第一医院及重庆医科大学附属第一医院第一分院收治的维持性血液透析患者128例,将其分为单纯血液透析组与杂合式血液净化组,各64例.于治疗前及治疗6个月后,分别采集患者透析前血标本,测定β2-MG、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平,并进行比较分析.结果 治疗6个月后,杂合式血液净化组患者血β2-MG、hs-CRP、IL-6水平较治疗前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而单纯血液透析组患者血β2-MG水平较治疗前降低,hs-CRP、IL-6水平较治疗前升高,但差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗6个月后,杂合式血液净化组患者血β2-MG、hs-CRP、IL-6水平均低于单纯血液透析组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 杂合式血液净化可以更有效地清除透析患者血液中分子毒素,并减轻机体慢性微炎症状态.