激光多普勒技术测定组织血流及其在高温治癌研究中的意义

应用激光多普勒血流仪测量比较津白Ⅱ号小鼠三个部位皮肤的血流,观察HDZ对血流的影响,评价了HDZ的体内热增敏作用。结果发现,同一小鼠不同部位的血流是不同的,同一部位的连续6天结果无何区别。但同部位小鼠间的血流差别可达1倍以上。提示了预测放、化、热疗的疗效时,监测个体血流的前后变化有重要意义。2.5mg/kg以上的HDZ可以明显降低血流75％左右。HDZ与高温联合应用时对肿瘤显示了热增敏效应。     

Acute effects of acetazolamide on cerbral blood flow in man

We have followed the time course of the effect of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide injected i. v. in unanesthetized healthy human beings. The dose administered was 500 mg as a bolus. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured continuously before, during and after the injection, using a pulsed ultrasound doppler system, which measured the instantaneous mean velocity across the lumen of the internal carotid artery, just below its entrance into the skull. Ventilation, heart-rate, end-expiratory PCO₂- arterial PCO₂, pH and systemic blood pressure was also measured. We found that acetazolamide caused a rise in CBF which could be detected as early as 2 min after the injection. A maximal average response of 75% increase in CBF was seen after 25 min. The half-time of the declining phase of the response was 95 min. There were no systematic differences in the CO₂ reactivities, given as ACBF/ΔPACO₂ in % of CBF at normocapnia, before and after acetazolamide injection, regardless of the absolute PACO₂ level. The present dose of the drug caused no change in ventilation, alveolar and arterial PCO₂ or in arterial blood pH indicating that the carbonic anhydrase was not fully inhibited. Our observations show that acetazolamide nevertheless caused a rapid vasodilation in the brain and over a wide range of PCO₂′s. We suggest that this agent has a local vasodilator effect on the cerebral arterioles, unrelated to its specific effects as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.     

大脑中动脉闭塞后自发性再灌注经颅多普勒观察

（1）目的 探讨缺血性脑卒中自发性再灌注的经颅多普勒表现。（2）方法 对56例大脑中动脉（MCA）急性缺血性脑卒中病人,在发病6h内行脑CT,经颅多普勒超声（TCD）及动脉数字减影检查。（3）结果 38例有TCD异常,表现为患侧MCA血流信号消失或血流信号不对称。24h,48h,7d随访,发现受阻MCA出现自发性再灌注达50％,且阻塞部位越远,出现再灌注概率越大。（4）结论 TCD技术为一简单、有效的监测MCA再通方法。     

In vivo differences between Asian, Black and White in the stratum corneum barrier function

The stratum corneum barrier function of Blacks, Caucasians and Asians were compared in vivo. A noninvasive technic, laser doppler velocimetry (LDV), was used to evaluate the cutaneous penetration of nicotinates by the determination of the lag time before vasodilatation induced by the application of those local vasodilatator drugs. The study was performed on untreated skin and after removal of the stratum corneum by 12 strips. The influence of molecular weight and solubility of different nicotinates (methyl, ethyl, hexyl and vitamin E) were also studied on Japanese skin. Vasodilatation lag times assessed by LDV, with methyl nicotinate (MN), showed that skin permeability was more important in Asians (P < 0.01)=" and=" in=" caucasians=">P < 0.05)=" than=" in=" blacks.=" moreover=" asian=" skin=" was=" significantly=" more=" sensitive=" to=" stripping=">P < 0.05)=" than=" black=" skin.=" a=" significant=" shorter=" lag=" time=" was=" obtained=" with=" small=" and=" hydrophilic=" nicotinates=" (methyl=" and=" ethyl)=">P < 0.01)=" compared=" to=" a=" lipophilic=" one=" (hexyl).=" the=" alteration=" of=" the=" stratum=" corneum=" barrier=" function=" by=" stripping=" showed=" a=" more=" important=" modification=" with=" mn=">P < 0.05)=" than=" with=" hexyl=" nicotinate.=" consequently,=" this=" noninvasive=" method=" can=" evaluate=" the=" modifications=" of=" the=" stratum=" corneum=" barrier=" function=" and=" racial=" origin=" has=" to=" be=" taken=" into=" account=" in=" the=" determination=" of=" skin=">     

胎粪吸入综合征患儿肾血流动力学的改变

目的：探索新生儿窒息并发胎粪吸入综合征（meconium aspiration syndrome,MAS）时肾血流动力学的改变。方法：应用彩色超声血流显像技术,对窒息合并MAS的新生儿的肾动脉血流参数及心输出量进行检测。结果：并发MAS的窒息儿肾动脉血流速度和血流量降低,但阻力无改变;心输出量降低;肾血流量与心输出量的比值也降低。结论：并发MAS的窒息儿,其肾脏损害加重,早期检测肾血流动力学变化,早期发现肾功改变并指导治疗。     

经颅多普勒超声对原发性帕金森病和血管性帕金森综合征检查的临床意义

目的探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)对原发性帕金森病(IPD)和血管性帕金森综合征(VPS)的临床应用价值和意义。方法对81例IPD和32例VPS患者的TCD和颅脑CT的检查结果进行比较研究。结果IPD组81例中总异常血管支数为223支(30．59％);VPS组32例中总异常血管支数为163支(56．60％);异常形式两组均以左侧大脑中、后动脉血流速度减慢为主要特点。结论IPD和VPS患者均伴有脑部血流动力学改变,VPS组的异常率高于IPD组,异常特点是左侧血流速度显著慢于右侧。     

彩色多普勒能量图对不孕症妇女子宫动脉血流变化的观察

利用彩色多普勒能量图测定子宫的血流 ,即血流的脉冲指数 (pulsative index,PI)及阻力指数 (resistantindex,RI)来探索不同原因的女性不孕症。 6 7例不孕症妇女经腹腔镜诊断确诊不孕原因后 ,于月经周期第 2 0～ 2 3d作腹部 B超彩色多普勒能量图 (CDE)检查。其结果两侧子宫动脉 PI、RI可因各种不孕原因不分侧别平均 PI、RI均高于正常组 (P<0 .0 1) ,而且不受病情轻、中、重所影响。反映了子宫周围血管阻力较高所致子宫动脉血流灌注不足是引起不孕症的基础 ,可能也干扰孕卵着床而致不孕。     

肝硬化患者肾脏血液动力学的研究

目的 研究肝硬化患者肾脏血液动力学的改变。方法 应用多普勒超声测定４２例肝硬化患者肾脏血液动力学指标。并分析这些指标与肝功能及平均动脉压之间的关系。结果 不同阶段的肝硬化患者肾内血管收缩程度有明显的差异。结论 肝硬化早期即有肾血管的收缩,肝功越差肾血管收缩越明显。肾血管的收缩是全身血液动力学改变的一部分。     

高血压病脑血流动力学研究

目的　探讨各期高血压病人颅内血管血流动力学变化规律。方法　应用 (TCD)对 384例高血压病人及 5 0例正常对照组的双侧大脑中动脉 (MCA)、大脑前动脉 (ACA)、大脑后动脉 (PCA)、椎动脉 (VA)、基底动脉 (BA)的平均血流速度 (Vm)、血流脉动指数 (PI)及频谱形态进行观测。结果　高血压Ⅰ期组病人MCA、ACA的Vm升高 ,PCA、VA、BA的Vm无变化 ,PI无变化 ,频谱形态正常。Ⅱ、Ⅲ期病人颈内动脉系统、VA、BA的Vm渐降低 ,PCA无变化 ,PI升高 ,并伴有频谱形态改变。结论　TCD检查可了解高血压病人的脑血管病理生理变化 ,评价脑动脉弹性功能以及脑供血情况 ,有重要临床价值     

复合先心病的彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的 :应用彩色多普勒超声心动图 (CDE)诊断 4例复合型先心病。方法 :回顾分析经CDE检查及手术证实的患者。结果 :3例房间间隔缺损分别合并部分肺静脉异位引流、三房心、二尖瓣脱垂及三尖瓣裂孔 ;1例室间隔缺损合并左上腔。除左上腔被漏诊外 ,其余都与手术符合。结论 :超声对复合型先心病具有无创性、可重复性、诊断率高的重要价值。