131Ⅰ治疗非Graves'甲状腺功能亢进及非毒性甲状腺肿后诱发Graves'病

~(131)I治疗非Graves’甲亢及非毒性甲状腺肿后数月,少部分患者体内出现促甲状腺激素受体抗体并诱发Graves’病(GD),发病率在0．05%～5%之间。其发病机制假说有通过自身免疫反应介导等。通过监测体内甲状腺自身抗体水平变化、甲状腺显像,可以预测~(131)I治疗后GD的发生。其治疗方法有抗甲状腺药物治疗、再次放射性~(131)I治疗、手术治疗。     

Outpatient management of patients with large multinodular goitres treated with fractionated radioiodine

The efficacy of fractionated out-patient radioiodine therapy in 38 patients with compressive symptoms due to long-standing large multinodular goitres was assessed. The diagnosis was established by clinical assessment in addition to technetium-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan or computed tomography scan of the thyroid and mediastinum. Oral iodine-131 therapy was administered as a 2.22 GBq (60 mCi) cumulative dose over 4 months (555 MBq per month). All patients were monitored with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine (± free tri-iodothyronine) assays before the treatment and after each dose fraction. Clinical and biochemical follow-up was performed on all patients and ranged from 6 to 45 months after therapy. The patients consisted of 35 female and three male patients with a median age of 59 years (range 37–87 years). Prior to treatment 20 patients were biochemically hyperthyroid and 18 were euthyroid. Overall, 71% of patients reported a subjective improvement in compressive symptoms and 29% reported no change. Clinically assessed reduction in goitre size occurred in 92% of patients while there was no change in 8%. At 3 months of follow-up, 31% of patients had become hypothyroid and at 18 months 66% were hypothyroid. Seven hyperthyroid patients (35%) became euthyroid and 13 hyperthyroid patients (65%) became hypothyroid. Three patients who became hypothyroid experienced neck soreness (transient in one patient, persistent in two patients). There were no differences in outcome between patients who were hyperthyroid and those who were euthyroid prior to treatment. Fractionated out-patient radioiodine therapy showed excellent short- and medium-term safety, was very well tolerated and offered a satisfactory alternative treatment to surgery. Received 23 May and in revised form 11 August 1997     

甲状腺功能亢进患者骨代谢指标和甲状腺激素水平变化及其临床意义

为探讨甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)患者骨代谢指标与甲状腺激素水平的变化, 本文对70例甲亢患者及60名健康对照者采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定了Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽(ICTP), 全自动微粒子化学发光分析法测定了骨碱性磷酸酶(BAP)及甲状腺激素(T3、T4、FT3、FT4)水平, 同时用二维骨密度仪测定骨密度(BMD).结果表明: 甲亢患者血清BAP、ICTP与甲状腺激素水平均明显高于健康对照组(P均小于0.01), 骨密度(BMD)则显著低于健康对照组(P＜0.01).相关分析显示, 甲亢患者血清BAP、ICTP水平与BMD呈明显负相关(r分别为-0.298和-0.276, P＜0.05), 与T3呈正相关(r分别为0.452和0.531,P＜0.01), 与T4亦呈正相关(r分别为0.419和0.398, P＜0.01).提示甲亢患者骨转换增强, 并以骨吸收增加更为显著, 与甲亢时甲状腺激素分泌过多有关. 定量检测血清BAP、ICTP水平对于甲亢代谢性骨病的诊断、病情研究均有重要的临床价值.     

甲亢对妊娠妇女的影响

目的 探讨甲亢对妊娠妇女的影响。方法 回顾性分析32例妊娠合并甲亢病例。结果 甲亢合并早孕者共16例,发生妊娠剧吐10例,先兆流产6例;甲亢合并晚孕者16例,发生早产3例,胎儿窘迫6例,合并妊高征2例,产后出血2例,新生儿窒息3例。结论 重症甲亢控制不良的病例易于发生流产、早产、胎儿窘迫等并发症,新生儿窒息的发生率高。孕前及孕期应积极控制甲亢,以降低妊娠并发症。     

Thyroid carcinoma mimicking a toxic adenoma

A young woman with a thyroid papillary carcinoma behaving as an autonomously hyperfunctioning nodule is described. Only 17 similar patients have been seen in the past 25 years. It is emphasized that hyperthyroidism does not exclude malignant disease in hot nodules. This possibility suggests that all thyroid nodules, either cold or hot, require careful management. Therefore, in at risk cases, surgery could be the most useful treatment.     

甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗难治性甲状腺机能亢进

目的 探讨经导管甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗难治性甲状腺机能亢进的方法及疗效。方法 使用高压消毒后明胶海绵、聚乙烯醇(PVA)微球栓塞甲状腺上动脉及下动脉。结果 13例病人甲状腺动脉栓塞成功，颈围缩小，11例T3、T4降至正常，2例轻废增高。结论 经导管甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗难治性甲状腺机能亢进可作为内外科治疗及^131I治疗替代疗法，只要正确掌握操作方法，是安全有效的。     

~(131)I治疗甲状腺功能亢进症后413例患者继发甲状腺功能减退症分析

目的探讨131I治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)后413例继发甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)发生的影响因素。方法1236例甲亢患者行131I治疗,每克甲状腺组织131I给予剂量为1.85～3.70MBq,并实行剂量个体化。结果1236例甲亢患者继发甲减413例(33.4%),其中94.0%患者发生于第1年,性别与甲减发生率无明显关系,而年龄、甲状腺大小、有无突眼、病程、131I剂量及治疗次数都与甲减发生有明显相关性。结论131I治疗甲亢后甲减发生的影响因素较多,因此临床用药应根据患者病情采取个体化治疗方案。     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进症的诊断与治疗

目的　探讨妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进症 (甲亢 )的诊断和治疗 ,提高母婴健康水平。方法　妊娠合并甲亢 2 7例行丙基硫氧嘧啶 (PTU)治疗 ,为治疗组 ;另外 2 0例 ,未给予治疗 ,为未治疗组 ;正常孕妇 3 0例 ,为对照组。产前测定孕妇外周血T3 、T4、TSH、FT3 、FT4,并行组间对照 ,以探讨其与分娩方式及新生儿结局之间的关系。通过抽脐血及出生后 3d、5d、7d查T3 、T4、TSH以了解新生儿甲状腺功能 ,探讨母体的治疗与新生儿甲状腺功能之间的联系。结果　甲亢未治疗组T3 、T4、TSH、FT3 、FT4水平与治疗组和对照组有明显差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;未治疗组新生儿体重明显低于治疗组和对照组 (P <0 0 0 1) ,且有 2例新生儿甲亢出现 ;治疗组甲状腺激素水平控制在正常上限或增高 15 %以内 ,3例新生儿出现甲状腺功能低下 (甲低 ) ;甲亢组分娩顺产率明显低于对照组 ( 8/14 :19/3 9,P <0 0 5 )。结论　妊娠合并甲亢早期诊断和治疗可改善胎儿预后 ,但仍影响分娩方式 ,应适当放宽剖宫产的指征。甲亢缓解后对胎儿或新生儿仍有影响 ,应加强对胎儿或新生儿甲状腺功能的监测     

甲亢患者血脂和总蛋白的变化及临床意义探讨

目的探讨甲亢患者血中血脂和总蛋白的变化与甲状腺激素的关系及临床意义。方法用免疫化学发光法检测56例患者和52例健康对照者血清游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4),用生化分析仪检测甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(Tch)和总蛋白(TP)的含量。结果甲亢患者血脂、总蛋白的含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),与FT3、FT4呈负相关。结论甲亢患者血脂和总蛋白明显降低,其变化可作为判断甲亢病情和疗效的指标之一。     

针灸治疗甲状腺功能亢进症临床研究文献质量评价

目的:评价我国针灸治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢症)的临床试验质量.方法:通过机检和手检获得针灸治疗甲亢症的临床试验文献,并按国际Cochrane协作网Cochrane手册随机对照研究标准及临床流行病学评价方法对文献的随机化、对照、研究对象选择(纳入与排除标准的确定)、组间可比性、样本含量、样本来源的描述及控制、诊断标准、盲法的运用、疗效判定标准、统计方法、副反应、随访等方面进行分析评价.结果:63篇文献中针灸治疗甲亢症的临床随机对照试验论文仅占22.2%,但近年来呈逐年增加趋势.结论:尽管针灸已被广泛运用于甲亢症的防治中,但因其临床随机对照性试验(RCT)数量较少、质量水平仍然较低,尚无法为临床提供可信性高的证据,严重阻碍了针灸临床疗效的验证和发展.建议有条件的研究机构进行针灸治疗甲亢症的前瞻性、多中心、随机对照试验,探索出疗效确切,可行性强的针灸方法,为进一步开展针灸治疗甲亢症的系统评价提供基础条件.