人群中病毒性肝炎的型别研究

作者于1987年2月16日～1988年2月15日在四川五个点211 639人群中监测急性病毒性肝炎。其发病率为167.74/10万,其中甲型肝炎占24.51％;乙型肝炎占38.31％;非甲非乙型肝炎占24.51％,EB病毒和巨细胞病毒所致肝炎各占3.38％;混合感染占5.92％。病毒性肝炎中有14.93％重叠感染。发病高峰在春季。发病率,男:女=1.75:1。甲型肝炎20岁以下年龄组、乙型肝炎20～39岁年龄组的发病率明显高于其他年龄组,非甲非乙型较分散,5～19岁相对多一些,其他型别年龄组间无明显差异。355例急性病毒性肝炎患者中43.9％有接触史,36.6％有注射史。     

大鼠抗—HBs的单克隆抗独特型抗体杂交瘤细胞系的建立

用纯化的小鼠单克隆抗—HBs和纯化的大鼠多克隆抗—HBs免疫LOU/C大鼠,取免疫大鼠脾细胞与IR983F骨髓瘤细胞融合,获得两株(TD_1、TD_2)持续分泌抗—HBs的单克隆抗独特型抗体(抗—Id,Ab_2)杂交瘤细胞系。对TD_2进行了较全面的鉴定,TD_2的Ig类型为IgG,亚类为IgG_(2?),核型分析结果染色体数为65条。通过ELISA竞争抑制和中和抑制试验表明,TD_2所分泌的Ab_2既能被不同来源的抗—HBs所中和。又能被HBsAg.所竞争,且都呈现剂量依赖关系。将纯化的TD_2IgG免疫同系大鼠,诱导出了具有抗—HBs活性的抗—抗—独特型抗体(Ab_3)。上述结果证实,TD_2所分泌的单克隆抗体(McAb)是带有HBsAg表位内影像,具有HBsAg免疫源性的抗—HBs的单克隆抗—Id。     

国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎疫苗的免疫动力学研究

目的　评价国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(YDV)的免疫学效果,建立免疫动力学模型,以预测国产YDV的免疫持久性,为初次免疫后何时进行加强免疫提供参考依据。方法　采用队列研究的方法,对接种国产YDV者的乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗HBs)滴度进行了5年的追踪观察。利用曲线拟合方法建立免疫动力学模型,并对其免疫持久性进行预测。在接种疫苗后第8年,再次对研究队列进行抗 HBs滴度实际测定,以检验模型预测结果的可靠性。结果　接种YDV5年后,抗HBs阳性率由接种后第1年的10 0 %下降到73% ,抗 HBs几何平均滴度(GMT)由接种后第1年的16 0mIU/ml下降到5 3mIU/ml。到第8年时,实际测定值下降到35mIU/ml,所拟合的模型为Y =16 5 . 6 7exp(- 0 .0 19X) ,决定系数R2 为0 . 98,模型预测的结果为2 7mIU/ml,比实际值低8mIU/ml。结论　按照模型预测的结果,接种国产YDV 12年后,其抗 HBsGMT为10 74mIU/ml,仍维持在10mIU/ml的保护性水平以上。由于在第8年时,模型预测值低于实际测定值,因此国产YDV的抗HBsGMT至少可维持12年的预测结果有一定的可靠性。     

体外铅染毒对人膀胱细胞基因表达谱的影响

目的研究体外培养的人胚胎膀胱组织来源细胞(humanbladder,HB)在铅暴露不同时间和浓度下的基因表达差异,以探讨铅毒性的作用机制。方法分别使用100、200μg/ml乙酸铅溶液暴露体外培养的HB细胞(浓度为2×103个/ml)8、24h,设置空白对照,提取RNA,进行cDNA基因表达谱芯片实验。芯片扫描结果经归一化处理,设定Ratio值0.5或≥2为表达有差异基因。结果铅暴露HB细胞导致差异表达的基因共有2406个,其中,在铅暴露不同时间(8、24h)、不同浓度(100、200μg/ml)皆上调的有45个基因,皆下调的有40个基因。结论基因表达因铅暴露的时间和浓度变化而发生改变;差异表达基因的功能与信号传导、细胞代谢密切相关,也与疾病发生发展相关;可以通过分析基因表达谱改变,探悉铅暴露导致机体损伤的原因和致病机制。     

乙肝疫苗接种后无(弱)应答状况及影响因素

目的探讨广东省一般人群接种乙型肝炎疫苗后无应答的状况和影响因素.方法对佛山、深圳市等地2 667人进行问卷调查和免疫学检测,并用非条件Logistic回归分析对结果进行分析.结果广东省一般人群乙型肝炎疫苗无（弱）应答率为25.38%.单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,接种乙肝疫苗后是否产生抗-HBs与接种者的年龄、接种次数、接种部位、是否输过血制品、餐具是否经常消毒、父亲是否接种过疫苗、父母接种乙肝疫苗后有无抗体等9个因素有关.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄大、不喜欢吃鱼和父亲未接种乙肝疫苗是无应答的影响因素.结论接种乙肝疫苗后是否产生抗体与疫苗因素、饮食因素、机体发育和遗传因素都有密切关系.     

广西壮族自治区部分地区1992～1993年新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种率和血清学效果调查

广西壮族自治区正在普遍推广乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗接种,为了解城市和农村乙肝疫苗的接种率和血清学效果,于1994～1995年在南宁等5个城市和农村三类地区,按容量比例概率抽样法,抽取1991年1月1日～1993年12月31日出生的儿童842人,调查乙肝疫苗接种率．结果5个城市均为100％,农村富裕地区为47.4o％,一般地区为39.3％,而贫困地区仅为18．1％．又以随机抽样的方法,在柳州等3个城市和5个地区,抽取1992年1月1日～1993年12月31日出生并全部接种了乙肝疫苗的儿童1459人,用固相放射免疫法检测执-HBs,用酶免疫法检测HBsAg和抗-HBc．结果1994年1～2岁儿童的HBsAg阳性率为1.7％,1986年的9.7％下降了82.5％。进一步提高农村地区,特别是贫困地区乙肝疫苗的接种率,是降低乙肝病毒携带和传播的关键。     

Sex differences in circadian timing systems: Implications for disease

Virtually every eukaryotic cell has an endogenous circadian clock and a biological sex. These cell-based clocks have been conceptualized as oscillators whose phase can be reset by internal signals such as hormones, and external cues such as light. The present review highlights the inter-relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as a master clock synchronizing the phase of clocks throughout the body. Gonadal steroid receptors are expressed in almost every site that receives direct SCN input. Here we review sex differences in the circadian timing system in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG), the hypothalamic–adrenal–pituitary (HPA) axis, and sleep–arousal systems. We also point to ways in which disruption of circadian rhythms within these systems differs in the sexes and is associated with dysfunction and disease. Understanding sex differentiated circadian timing systems can lead to improved treatment strategies for these conditions.     

Using positron emission tomography to study human ketone body metabolism: A review

Ketone bodies – 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate – are important fuel substrates, which can be oxidized by most tissues in the body. They are synthesized in the liver and are derived from fatty acids released from adipose tissue. Intriguingly, under conditions of stress such as fasting, arterio-venous catheterization studies have shown that the brain switches from the use of almost 100% glucose to the use of > 50–60% ketone bodies. A similar adaptive mechanism is observed in the heart, where fasting induces a shift toward ketone body uptake that provides the myocardium with an alternate fuel source and also favorably affects myocardial contractility. Within the past years there has been a renewed interest in ketone bodies and the possible beneficial effects of fasting/semi-fasting/exercising and other “ketogenic” regimens have received much attention. In this perspective, it is promising that positron emission tomography (PET) techniques with isotopically labeled ketone bodies, fatty acids and glucose offer an opportunity to study interactions between ketone body, fatty acid and glucose metabolism in tissues such as the brain and heart. PET scans are non-invasive and thus eliminates the need to place catheters in vascular territories not easily accessible. The short half-life of e.g. 11C-labeled PET tracers even allows multiple scans on the same study day and reduces the total radiation burden associated with the procedure. This short review aims to give an overview of current knowledge on ketone body metabolism obtained by PET studies and discusses the methodological challenges and perspectives involved in PET ketone body research.     

血细胞计数影响因素分析

本文分析血细胞计数的影响因素,发现血细胞检测结果受环境温度、放置时间、采血方式等因素的影响,检验人员在采血和检测过程中应尽可能排除各种影响因素,为临床提供真实可靠的检验结果。