瑞氏染液混配机的设计

目的设计一种可替代传统人工操作的瑞氏染液混配机。方法瑞氏染液混配机由混配罐、水箱、电机、电控箱和基座等构成。工作模式采用动力电机减速驱动混配罐翻转,借助于混配罐内壁摩擦撞击和研磨材料碰撞,使粉粒状瑞氏色素粉碎分散溶解成均一的极细小的微粒以至混配成瑞氏染液。通过实际配液和染色比较瑞氏染液混配机配液与人工配液的差异。结果瑞氏染液混配机混配的染液色素颗粒微细,质量优良,染色效果好,便于标本片的会诊和图像采集,避免了人工配制造成的染液质量不稳定和甲醇的毒副作用。结论该设计装备结构简单,设计合理,配液效率高,是一种特别适宜配制瑞氏染液的实验室实用新型设备。     

不同厚度脱细胞猪皮作为微粒皮移植覆盖物治疗大面积烧伤的临床观察

目的观察不同厚度脱细胞猪皮作为自体微粒皮移植覆盖物治疗大面积烧伤的效果。方法随机选择15例大面积深度烧伤患者,其中男性12例,女性3例,年龄35～57岁。烧伤后3-7d行大面积切痂,7例覆盖中厚型脱细胞猪皮,8例覆盖全厚型脱细胞猪皮,将自体微粒皮涂抹于创面,植皮区与供皮区面积比均约为10：1,常规加压包扎。观察猪皮排异变化、微粒皮成活情况及愈后皮肤弹性及外观。结果术后5d脱细胞猪皮与手术创面粘贴良好;中厚型脱细胞猪皮于术后10d、全厚型脱细胞猪皮于术后2周左右脱水干燥;中厚型脱细胞猪皮于术后3周、全厚型脱细胞猪皮于术后1个月左右逐渐分批脱落：脱落后全厚型脱细胞猪皮组创面愈合率达90．3％±2．7％,明显优于中厚型脱细胞猪皮组的68．2％±29％（P〈0.05）：创面愈合后全厚型脱细胞猪皮组瘢痕较轻,外观及弹性优于中厚型脱细胞猪皮组。结论脱细胞猪皮替代异体皮作为微粒皮移植覆盖物．全厚型脱细胞猪皮优于中厚型脱细胞猪皮。     

血管内皮细胞糖萼与脂蛋白

血管内皮细胞糖萼是位于内皮细胞表面的一层多糖蛋白复合结构,在内皮细胞表面形成选择性通透屏障。在对糖萼进行概述后,主要针对在流动剪切力作用下,糖萼与物质传输,尤其是与大分子物质如低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)的关系展开论述。其关系体现为:一方面,糖萼的厚度和完整性影响LDL的浓度极化及跨内膜输运;糖萼中的硫酸肝素蛋白聚糖参与残余脂蛋白代谢的全过程。另一方面,LDL的氧化产物ox-LDL会破坏内皮细胞糖萼层的主要成分硫酸肝素。研究糖萼与脂蛋白的关系,将为阐明动脉粥样硬化的发病机理提供新的线索,并为将糖萼作为新的防治靶点提供更多依据。     

Anti-citrullinated heat shock protein 90 antibodies identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are a marker of lung-specific immune responses

Previous work has demonstrated a correlation between serum anti-citrullinated HSP90 antibodies and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). To further investigate this potential pathogenic relationship, we used ELISA-based techniques to assess anti-citrullinated HSP90 antibody profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with different stages of RA-ILD. 9/21 RA-derived BALF specimens demonstrated IgG and/or IgA antibodies targeting citrullinated HSP90 proteins/peptides, highlighting disease specific responses (with a predilection for RA-ILD) that did not occur in IPF patients (0/5) or healthy control subjects (0/5). Comparison of antibody profiles between BALF and matching serum specimens revealed various recognition patterns favoring predominant production of anti-citrullinated HSP90 antibodies within the lung microenvironment—further supporting the connection between this antibody specificity and parenchymal lung disease. Equally important, qualitative as well as quantitative differences in anti-citrullinated HSP90 profiles between BALF and serum indicate that the lung plays a direct role in shaping the immune repertoire of RA/RA-ILD.     

How yawning switches the default‐mode network to the attentional network by activating the cerebrospinal fluid flow

Yawning is a behavior to which little research has been devoted. However, its purpose has not yet been demonstrated and remains controversial. In this article, we propose a new theory involving the brain network that is functional during the resting state, that is, the default mode network. When this network is active, yawning manifests a process of switching to the attentional system through its capacity to increase circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thereby increasing clearance of somnogenic factors (prostaglandin D(2), adenosine, and others) accumulating in the cerebrospinal fluid. Clin. Anat. 27:201–209, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Left atrial ligation alters intracardiac flow patterns and the biomechanical landscape in the chick embryo

Background: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a major human congenital heart defect that results in single ventricle physiology and high mortality. Clinical data indicate that intracardiac blood flow patterns during cardiac morphogenesis are a significant etiology. We used the left atrial ligation (LAL) model in the chick embryo to test the hypothesis that LAL immediately alters intracardiac flow streams and the biomechanical environment, preceding morphologic and structural defects observed in HLHS. Results: Using fluorescent dye injections, we found that intracardiac flow patterns from the right common cardinal vein, right vitelline vein, and left vitelline vein were altered immediately following LAL. Furthermore, we quantified a significant ventral shift of the right common cardinal and right vitelline vein flow streams. We developed an in silico model of LAL, which revealed that wall shear stress was reduced at the left atrioventricular canal and left side of the common ventricle. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that intracardiac flow patterns change immediately following LAL, supporting the role of hemodynamics in the progression of HLHS. Sites of reduced WSS revealed by computational modeling are commonly affected in HLHS, suggesting that changes in the biomechanical environment may lead to abnormal growth and remodeling of left heart structures. Developmental Dynamics 243:652–662, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Deletion of the α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptors accelerates cutaneous wound healing in mice

The α2‐adrenoceptors regulate the sympathetic nervous system, controlling presynaptic catecholamine release. However, the role of the α2‐adrenoceptors in cutaneous wound healing is poorly understood. Mice lacking both the α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptors were used to evaluate the participation of the α2‐adrenoceptor during cutaneous wound healing. A full‐thickness excisional lesion was performed on the dorsal skin of the α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor knockout and wild‐type mice. Seven or fourteen days later, the animals were euthanized and the lesions were formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded or frozen. Murine skin fibroblasts were also isolated from α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor knockout and wild‐type mice, and fibroblast activity was evaluated. The in vivo study demonstrated that α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor depletion accelerated wound contraction and re‐epithelialization. A reduction in the number of neutrophils and macrophages was observed in the α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor knockout mice compared with wild‐type mice. In addition, α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor depletion enhanced the levels of nitrite and hydroxyproline, and the protein expression of transforming growth factor‐β and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor depletion accelerated blood vessel formation and myofibroblast differentiation. The in vitro study demonstrated that skin fibroblasts isolated from α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor knockout mice exhibited enhanced cell migration, α‐smooth muscle actin _protein expression and collagen deposition compared with wild‐type skin fibroblasts. In conclusion, α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor deletion accelerates cutaneous wound healing in mice.