腰椎后路手术三种术后镇痛方式的比较分析

目的本研究对三种后路腰椎手术后疼痛控制的方法的镇痛效果和恶心呕吐(PONV)的情况进行观察比较。方法选取2013-2015间的65例患者,均行单节段腰椎后路减压融合内固定术。术后疼痛控制,20例接受小剂量吗啡硬膜外缓释法,22例患者接受了静脉自控镇痛泵,23例患者接受哌替啶注入。患者的评级疼痛强度(视觉模拟量表得分从0(没有痛苦)到10(最多剧烈的疼痛),恶心(从0(没有恶心)到10(严重恶心)),和呕吐(从0(没有呕吐)到10(严重呕吐)),记录术后4 h,1 d,2 d,3 d的数据。结果硬膜外小剂量吗啡缓释组和静脉自控镇痛泵组相比哌替啶组的镇痛增强效果在术后1 d和2 d无明显差异(P0.05)。在术后1 d、2 d和3 d,恶心、呕吐(PONV)并发症静脉自控镇痛泵组比其他两组更严重(P0.05)。结论硬膜外小剂量吗啡缓释法能够有效的控制腰椎后路手术术后的疼痛并最小化恶心呕吐(PONV)的程度。     

妇科肿瘤化疗防治恶心呕吐药物的应用评价

对妇科恶性肿瘤化疗防治恶心呕吐药物应用的合理性评价。收集本院妇科2018年4月接受化疗的住院患者病历111份,根据国内外肿瘤相关的恶心呕吐防治指南,分析应用防治恶心呕吐药物存在的问题。100例（90.09%）地塞米松（DXM）应用不合理;111例（100%）均应用5-羟色胺3受体拮抗剂,其中79例（71.17%）应用疗程不合理,17例（15.32%）超致吐风险级别用药,4例（3.60%）重复应用;104例（93.69%）无指征应用H2受体拮抗剂或质子泵抑制剂。化疗患者呕吐防治药物的应用存在不合理现象,建议加强医嘱审核,提高应用呕吐防治药物的合理性。     

化疗病人恶心呕吐的护理

从恶心呕吐的定义、恶心呕吐对机体的影响、引起恶心呕吐的相关因素等方面综述了化疗病人的护理,目的在于提高化疗病人的生活质量。     

Radiation‐induced nausea and vomiting in head and neck cancer: Is it something worth considering in the intensity modulated radiotherapy era? “A narrative review”

Radiation therapy is one of the cornerstones in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), alone or in combination with chemotherapy or surgery. Technological advances which occurred over the last few decades have increased the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT), particularly, intensity‐modulated RT (IMRT). IMRT can deliver treatments on complex tumoral targets with dose escalation while sparing organs at risk; anyway IMRT deposits dose in unpredictable patterns outside of the target volume with the purpose of improving conformality. Radiation‐induced nausea and vomiting (RINV) is a frequent albeit neglected side effect of RT that can lead to delays in treatment with serious consequences on cure rates. According to several guidelines (MASCC 2016, NCCN 2018), RT for HNSCC has traditionally been regarded as a low emetic risk treatment. Nevertheless, several works suggest that IMRT could increase RINV. Further studies are needed to define the exact incidence and the detailed pathophysiology of RINV in patients with HNSCC treated with state of art IMRT techniques, with and without concurrent chemotherapy.     

A risk score for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting in women undergoing cesarean delivery with intrathecal morphine

BackgroundPostoperative nausea and/or vomiting affects up to 80% of parturients undergoing cesarean delivery, but there is a lack of obstetric-specific risk-prediction models. We performed this study to identify postoperative nausea/vomiting risk factors in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery, formulate an obstetric-specific prediction model (Duke score), and compare its performance against the Apfel score.MethodsA post-hoc analysis of data from two randomized controlled trials studying nausea/vomiting in women undergoing cesarean delivery with intrathecal morphine. Potential risk factors for postoperative nausea/vomiting within 24 h of surgery with univariate associations with P ≤0.20 were considered for inclusion in the multivariable analysis. After identifying the final multivariable model, we derived our Duke score by assigning points to the selected factors. We then tested the association of the Duke and Apfel scores with postoperative nausea and vomiting, and compared the area-under-the-receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsAnalysis included 260 parturients, of whom 146 (56.2%) experienced postoperative nausea/vomiting. Non-smoking during pregnancy (OR 2.29 [95% CI 1.12 to 4.67], P=0.023), and history of postoperative nausea/vomiting after cesarean delivery and/or morning sickness (2.09 [1.12 to 3.91], P=0.021) were independent predictors of postoperative nausea/vomiting and included in the Duke score. Both Duke and Apfel scores trended linearly with postoperative nausea/vomiting risk (Duke P=0.001; Apfel P=0.049) and had comparable areas-under-the-receiver operating characteristic curve (Duke 0.63 [0.57 to 0.70]; Apfel 0.59 [0.52 to 0.65], P=0.155).ConclusionsBoth Duke and Apfel scores exhibited similar but poor predictive performance. Until better tools are developed, routine prophylactic anti-emetics appears to be a reasonable approach in this patient population.     

昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的Meta分析

目的：评价昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的效果。方法：检索PubMed、CNKI和万方数据库,收集昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜手术PONV的随机对照试验（RCT）文献。试验组干预措施为常规麻醉方法加昂丹司琼与地塞米松,对照组干预措施为常规麻醉方法加或不加生理盐水。采用RevMan5.1软件进行Meta分析,评价昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜手术PONV的效果。结果：共纳入6篇RCT文献,涉及试验组176例、对照组191例。Meta分析结果显示,试验组在预防妇科腹腔镜手术PONV的效果优于对照组。恶心、呕吐及PNOV合并效应的比值比（OR）与95%置信区间（95%CI）分别为0.14[0.07,0.30]、0.11[0.05,0.24]、0.18[0.09,0.36]。结论：昂丹司琼联合地塞米松对妇科腹腔镜手术PNOV的预防效果显著。     

穴位贴敷治疗妇科术后恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的观察穴位贴敷疗法治疗术后病人恶心呕吐的临床疗效。方法选择2013年6月到2014年1月全麻腹式手术患者90例,随机分为两组各45例。对照组常规术后给予消炎、营养支持等治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用穴位贴敷,贴敷中脘穴、双足三里、双内关。比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗组总有效率为95.56%,明显高于对照组的77.78%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组平均呕吐次数、平均恶心次数明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论穴位贴敷可改善妇科术后恶心呕吐症状,具有穴位的刺激与调节作用及药物吸收后的药效作用,值得临床应用。     

基于信息化的化疗相关性恶心呕吐多维管理模式的构建

目的 构建基于信息化的化疗相关性恶心呕吐的多维管理模式。方法 通过查阅文献、质性访谈、专家会议法开发化疗相关性恶心呕吐症状管理微信公众号,构建基于信息化的医护患共同参与的多维管理模式。结果 建立了化疗相关性恶心呕吐的症状管理平台,包括：患者端微信公众号和医护电脑端,明确了使用方法、医护职责,确定了以症状管理平台为媒介的化疗相关性恶心呕吐的多维管理模式。结论 基于信息化的化疗相关性恶心呕吐的多维管理模式具有较强的科学性和实用性,满足了患者和医护症状管理的需求,及时发现患者有无发生化疗相关性恶心呕吐,给予对应的预防和干预措施,提高患者生活质量,保证化疗顺利进行。