3D打印个体化人工椎体在胸腰椎肿瘤整块切除后脊柱稳定性重建中的应用

目的探索3D打印个体化人工椎体在胸腰椎肿瘤整块切除后脊柱稳定性重建中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院2015年7月至2020年6月收治的接受一期后路全脊椎整块切除术的胸腰椎肿瘤患者28例,分为2组,每组14例。其中3D组使用3D打印个体化人工椎体重建,常规组使用钛笼重建。对比两组的住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量,记录术前、术后7 d及末次随访时视觉模拟评分(VAS),Frankel分级情况,测量节段高度及角度,评估临床疗效。结果两组患者住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量和VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义。共8例患者Frankel评分获得一个等级的改善(28.6%)。3D组椎间高度丢失(1.9±2.2)mm,内植物沉降2例,沉降率14.3%;常规组椎间高度丢失(6.6±5.5)mm,内植物沉降8例,沉降率57.1%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。在节段角度丢失方面组间差异无统计学意义(=0.571)。3D组所有患者内固定良好,常规组1例患者发生断棒情况。结论 3D打印人工椎体可以更好地维持节段高度,降低椎间隙塌陷和内固定失败的风险。     

腰椎压缩性骨折病人经皮椎体成形术后骨水泥渗漏的危险因素分析

目的:探讨腰椎压缩性骨折病人采用经皮椎体成形术治疗后发生骨水泥渗漏的危险因素。方法:选取医院经皮椎体成形术后随访12个月内发生骨水泥渗漏的病人42例作为渗漏组,选取同期实施经皮椎体成形术且未发生骨水泥渗漏的84例病人作为对照组,比较两组病人年龄、性别、骨折部位、术前Cobb角、骨密度、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥椎体体积比、术前椎体压缩率、是否合并椎体骨劈裂口,并采用Logistic回归方法分析危险因素。结果:经单因素分析显示:两组病人的年龄、性别、骨折部位、术前Cobb角、骨密度、骨水泥注入量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组病人的骨水泥椎体体积比、术前椎体压缩率、是否合并椎体骨劈裂口比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Logistic多因素分析显示:骨水泥椎体体积比增大、合并椎体骨劈裂口是经皮椎体成形术后病人发生骨水泥渗漏的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:骨水泥椎体体积比增大、合并椎体骨劈裂口是腰椎压缩性骨折病人采用经皮椎体成形术治疗后发生骨水泥渗漏的独立危险因素,护理人员需要引起重视。     

经皮球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗陈旧性椎体压缩性骨折并假关节形成的疗效观察

目的：探讨经皮球囊扩张椎体成形术（percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty,PKP））治疗陈旧性椎体压缩性骨折并假关节形成的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2009年9月～2014年3月收治的15例患者,均确诊为陈旧性椎体压缩性骨折并假关节形成,行经皮球囊扩张椎体成形术（ PKP）治疗;术前、术后行视觉模拟评分（ visual analogue scales,VAS）及日常生活能力（ Macnab标准）比较,测量术前、术后伤椎节段矢状面指数,明确椎体后凸矫正情况。结果15例均顺利完成手术,无一例并发症。患者疼痛症状及日常生活能力明显改善,术后VAS评分：1d（2．53±0．51）、1个月（2．06±0．70）、3个月（2．13±0．51）,均比术前（7．47±0．64）有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。术后伤椎节段矢状面指数（25．8±5．12）°与术前（34．4±5．10）°有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论 PKP技术可以稳定陈旧性椎体压缩性骨折后形成的假关节,改善椎体后凸,明显减轻患者的腰痛症状,提高患者日常生活能力。     

Alterations in intervertebral disc composition,matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD‐T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6‐month‐old lean Sprague‐Dawley rats, obese Sprague‐Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD‐T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end‐product (AGE) pentosidine. Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia‐inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE‐mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:738–746, 2015.     

椎基底动脉三维CT血管造影对颈性眩晕椎动脉寰枕段形态学改变的观察

目的:探索颈性眩晕的椎动脉寰枕段(V3段)血管形态病理学改变.方法:1999年6月至2011年11月,采用椎-基底动脉CT血管造影三维重建技术(3D-CTA)对1 680例颈性眩晕患者的血管形态影像进行回顾性分析,观察其椎动脉V3段血管形态病理学改变情况.其中男783例,女897例;年龄22～70岁,平均52.8岁,所有病例经多普勒检查显示椎基底动脉流速加快或减慢.结果:1 680例颈性眩晕患者在V1-V4段有3 360支血管被检测,血管异常支数有2 778支,其中V1段有829支,V2段有421支,V3段有328支,V4段有1 190支.颈性眩晕患者椎动脉V3段血管形态病理学有椎动脉血管痉挛(232支)、椎动脉血管缺如(37支)、椎动脉血管出孔异常(31支)、椎动脉血管局限性狭窄4种改变.结论:颈性眩晕的椎动脉V3段存在4种血管形态病理学改变,可以以3D-CTA检查结果来判断预后并采取适当的治疗方法.     

单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折

目的探讨单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法选择2012-01—2012-12间收治的骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者42例,行单侧通道椎体后凸成形术,观察患者的治疗效果及疼痛评分等指标。结果患者治疗后椎体高度(26.94±12.35)mm,显著优于治疗前(15.23±5.32)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后疼痛评分(1.01±0.21)分,明显低于治疗前(7.64±1.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者出院后随访6~12个月,平均8.7个月,42例患者未发生感染及血管栓塞等并发症,术后3 d下床活动,7 d后出院。1 a后复查,患者骨水泥充盈良好。结论骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折采用单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗,疗效可靠,值得临床推广。     

椎体后凸成形技术与微创经皮椎弓根钉技术治疗胸腰段椎体压缩骨折的对比研究

目的 比较经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)和微创内固定术的疗效,为治疗单纯性胸腰段椎体压缩骨折选择手术方案提供临床依据.方法 行PKP及微创内固定手术治疗单纯胸腰段椎体压缩骨折59例.PKP组31例,微创内固定术组28例.记录59例术前术后视觉模拟评分法疼痛评分(VAS)、伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角及伤椎高度恢复率.结果 PKP组及微创内固定组在术后VAS评分、Cobb角、伤椎高度、椎体高度恢复率观测指标中,2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PKP术后止痛效果优于微创内固定组,微创内固定在矫正脊柱后凸畸形及恢复伤椎前缘高度效果上优于PKP组.     

胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根椎体内植骨术后伤椎愈合情况的对比

目的研究胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根植骨术后伤椎愈合的方式及影响因素。方法本次研究纳入自2011-01-2013-01诊治的74例具有完整随访结果的患者,采用经椎弓根植骨36例,同期未经椎弓根植骨38例。依据脊柱骨折负荷分享分级、笔者设计的椎体轴位9分区法明确骨折损伤程度、骨折复位及伤椎植骨情况、骨折愈合及伤椎植骨愈合情况。结果术后随访16~24个月,平均20个月。未植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计21.1%。植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计24.1%。结论胸腰椎骨折后伤椎经椎弓根植骨术中可撬拨复位塌陷及碎裂的上终板,减少髓核组织的突入发生,形成椎体内有效的可填充空腔,便于椎体内充分植骨,形成利于骨细胞爬行替代的框架结构,减少晚期上终板的塌陷及椎体内空洞的形成。     

Artificial disc and vertebra system: a novel motion preservation device for cervical spinal disease after vertebral corpectomy

OBJECTIVE:To determine the range of motion and stability of the human cadaveric cervical spine after the implantation of a novel artificial disc and vertebra system by comparing an intact group and a fusion group.METHODS:Biomechanical tests were conducted on 18 human cadaveric cervical specimens. The range of motion and the stability index range of motion were measured to study the function and stability of the artificial disc and vertebra system of the intact group compared with the fusion group.RESULTS:In all cases, the artificial disc and vertebra system maintained intervertebral motion and reestablished vertebral height at the operative level. After its implantation, there was no significant difference in the range of motion (ROM) of C3–7 in all directions in the non-fusion group compared with the intact group (p>0.05), but significant differences were detected in flexion, extension and axial rotation compared with the fusion group (p<0.05). The ROM of adjacent segments (C₃₋₄, C₆₋₇) of the non-fusion group decreased significantly in some directions compared with the fusion group (p<0.05). Significant differences in the C_4-6 ROM in some directions were detected between the non-fusion group and the intact group. In the fusion group, the C₄₋₆ ROM in all directions decreased significantly compared with the intact and non-fusion groups (p<0.01). The stability index ROM (SI-ROM) of some directions was negative in the non-fusion group, and a significant difference in SI-ROM was only found in the C₄₋₆ segment of the non-fusion group compared with the fusion group.CONCLUSION:An artificial disc and vertebra system could restore vertebral height and preserve the dynamic function of the surgical area and could theoretically reduce the risk of adjacent segment degeneration compared with the anterior fusion procedure. However, our results should be considered with caution because of the low power of the study. The use of a larger sample should be considered in future studies.