前路选择性间隙减压融合术治疗老年多节段颈椎病

目的评价前路选择性间隙减压融合术治疗65岁以上老年多节段颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析有完整随访资料的35例手术患者,根据症状、体征及影像学结果行选择性间隙减压植骨融合内固定术。采用日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分和Odom标准进行临床疗效评定。结果手术时间为（86．5±27．1）min,术中出血量为（95．7±42．9）mL。术前JOA评分为（8．4±2．6）分,末次随访时为（13．1±1．7）分,改莳率平均为58．7％,Odom优良率为82．4％。末次随访时均获骨性融合,内固定位置良好。结论术前充分准备,准确评估．正确选择减压节段,前路选择性间隙减压融合术是治疗老年多节段颈椎病的一种安全有效的手术方式：     

Delayed diagnosis and treatment of Tillaux fracture--a case report

Subchondral hematomas have been found with arthroscopy in one third of patients with dislocated distal radial fractures. The aim of the present, prospective study was to determine whether these hematomas might cause radiographic osteoarthrosis. We studied 41 patients (age 20–57 years, 22 women) with a dislocated distal radial fracture. At the time of fracture, 12 patients had subchondral hematomas in a radiocarpal compartment without a fracture line, as defined by arthroscopy. The 1-year follow-up included clinical and radiographic examinations.

At follow-up, radiographic subchondral bone plate changes occurred in unfractured compartments in 8 patients, of whom 7 had had a previous arthroscopically diagnosed subchondral hematoma (p?=?0.02) in the same compartment. Of the 8 patients with radiographic changes, 4 had also developed joint space narrowing (osteoarthrosis (OA) grade 1) after 1 year and 6 after 3 years. All but 1 had had a hematoma in the same compartment. More importantly, 3 of the 16 patients with entirely extra-articular fractures had subchondral bone plate changes in a compartment corresponding to a previous subchondral hematoma (p?=?0.02). One of these had also developed joint space narrowing. The patients with radiographic changes had a worse outcome, as measured with the Gartland and Werley wrist score (p?=?0.06).

In conclusion, subchondral hematomas in distal radial fractures can lead to early onset of mild OA and worse outcome after 1 year.     

The use of calcium phosphate cement in vertebroplasty of the base of odontoid process

The authors describe the use of bone cement containing calcium phosphate for vertebroplasty of the cavity in the base of odontoid process. A 23-year-old female patient was operated on by incision in lateral cervical area (anterior open access). After a blunt dissection, the working cannula (Kyphon) was introduced under fluoroscopic guidance through the C2 vertebral body to the cavity in the base of the odontoid process. Intraoperatively biopsy of the lesion was taken and histopathological examination excluded the presence of neoplasm. The cavity, presumably haemangioma, was successfully filled with calcium phosphate bone cement KyphOs? FS (Kyphon). The proper filling without paravertebral cement leak was confirmed by postoperative computed tomography (CT). The CT and magnetic resonance imaging performed 9 months after the procedure showed that cement was still present in the cavity. This is the first use of calcium phosphate cement to conduct the vertebroplasty of C2 vertebra.     

Importance of the perforating arteries in the proximal part of the PICA for surgical approaches to the brain stem and fourth ventricle - an anatomical study

Objective

The purpose of this study is to examine the perforating arteries (PAs) in the proximal part of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) for surgical approaches to the brain stem and fourth ventricle, and to stress their importance in microsurgical procedures.

Methods

Twenty-six adult cadaver obtained from routine autopsies were used. During the examination, the PAs and the segmental structure of the proximal part of the PICAs and their relation to the neighbouring anatomical structures were demonstrated.

Results

We classified the PICAs into 4 types on the basis of the distance of the middle point of the width of the caudal loop to the midline, and their presence or absence as Group A (symmetrical, anterior medullary type: 26.9%), Group B (lateral medullary type: 15.4%), Group C (asymmetrical type: 38.5%), and Group D (unilateral type: 19.2%). The number of the PAs in the tonsillomedullary segment and the caudal loop was higher than those originating from the other segments.

Conclusions

Approaches to the medial or lateral of the PICA should be made in a way that protects the PAs (avoiding retraction of the PICA). Otherwise the PAs will be damaged and as a result brain stem ischaemia may occur, which can have serious clinical outcomes.     

经皮椎体成形术在椎体压缩骨折及椎体肿瘤治疗中的临床应用

目的 总结分析经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折及椎体肿瘤治疗中临床应用的疗效.方法 宣武医院神经外科2007年1月至2012年6月应用PVP治疗45例患者共62个病变椎体,随访时间点为术后24h、3、6、12、24及36个月,采用VAS、ODI评价其临床疗效,椎体前缘高度及Cobb角评估影像学结果.结果 平均随访时间(13.9±7.8)个月,术后24 h,患者VAS疼痛评分、ODI指数及Cobb角分别由术前(7.3±1.9)分、32.0±3.4和15.0°±2.3°降至术后(4.8±1.6)分、22.1±2.1和14.0°±1.9°(P＜0.05),椎体前缘高度由术前(16.0±1.8) mm升至(19.0±2.1)mm(P＜0.05).3～36个月随访期内,VAS评分、椎体前缘高度及Cobb角差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随访中约54％患者VAS评分维持在5分以内.结论 PVP是治疗骨折及肿瘤所致的椎体源性疼痛简单有效的微创疗法,临床疗效稳定.     

椎动脉优势与后循环缺血性眩晕的关系

目的 探讨椎动脉优势在后循环缺血性眩晕(VAIV)中的临床意义.方法 前瞻性收集经头颅MRA检查发现的椎动脉优势的VAIV患者41例为研究对象,以非椎动脉优势的患者36例为对照,比较两组患者的基底动脉情况及眩晕严重程度.将椎动脉优势组患者根据椎动脉直径差异分为轻度变异组(0.04～0.70mm)、中度变异组(0.70～1.17 mm)、重度变异组(≥1.17 mm)3组,比较3组患者的眩晕严重程度差异.所有患者均随访1年,观察椎动脉优势与阳性事件发生(眩晕反复发作或发生后循环脑梗死)的关系.结果 (1)椎动脉优势组基底动脉形状异常率为70.73％(29/41),明显高于非椎动脉优势组33.33％(12/36)(x2=10.77,P＜0.01);(2)椎动脉优势组眩晕严重程度(3.3±1.2)高于非椎动脉优势组(2.3±0.6)(t=1.99,P＜0.01);不同变异3组间两两比较,椎动脉优势重度变异组眩晕严重程度(4.0±1.1)大于轻度变异组(2.9±0.9)(t=2.07,P＜0.05);(3)随访1年后,椎动脉优势组阳性事件发生率(65.85％)高于非优势组(30.56％)(x2=9.56,P＜0.01).结论 椎动脉优势的VAIV患者基底动脉异常率高,眩晕程度更严重,更容易反复发作眩晕或发生后循环脑梗死.     

胰岛素抵抗与绝经后骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的相关性研究

目的探讨绝经后骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)与胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)的相关性。方法 2014年10月—2017年10月重庆市巴南区中医院骨科、内分泌科和老年科收治绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PO)患者158例,分为单纯骨质疏松组(88例)和骨质疏松合并IR组(70例)。收集患者一般信息,骨密度采用双能X线吸收仪(dual energyX-ray absorptiometry,DEXA)测定,分别以测定值(g/cm2)和T值表示;椎体压缩骨折以X线和MRI判断为新鲜骨折,IR指数(HOMA-IR)采用稳态模型评估公式计算。结果骨质疏松合并IR组骨密度测定值和T值低于单纯骨质疏松组[(0. 61±0. 14) g/cm2vs.(0. 69±0. 09) g/cm2,-(3. 24±0. 22) g/cm2vs.-(2. 84±0. 11) g/cm2],且OVCF的发生率明显增高(51. 43%vs. 18. 18%),差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。进一步在骨质疏松合并IR组行亚组分析发现,随着HOMA-IR值升高,OVCF的发生率也进一步升高,而骨密度明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。相关性分析表明HOMA-IR与OVCF发生率呈正相关(r=0. 415,P=0. 005),而与骨密度测定值呈负相关(r=-0. 315,P=0. 028),但与骨密度T值无明显相关性(r=0. 215,P=0. 184)。结论骨质疏松合并IR组的患者具有更高的骨折风险。IR可作为绝经后骨质疏松患者发生椎体骨折的危险因素,且与病情的严重程度密切相关,为今后临床预判绝经后女性发生OVCF提供了新思路。