Postmenopausal HRT is not independent risk factor for dural sinus thrombosis

While a dural sinus thrombosis (DST), is a well-known consequence of the use of oral contraceptives, the role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in DST was not previously evaluated. We report two postmenopausal women, presenting with DST under HRT. Antiphospholipid antibodies in one case and borderline protein S deficiency in another were diagnosed. Only five cases of DST under HRT were previously reported and in two of them additional prothrombotic risk factors were found. According to these and previous cases, HRT is not an independent risk factor for DST.     

同型半胱氨酸及抗磷脂抗体与深静脉血栓形成和复发关系的研究

目的通过检测深静脉血栓形成（DVT）患者血浆中的同型半胱氨酸（Hey）和抗磷脂抗体（APLA）水平，探讨DVT形成和复发的因素，并寻找DVT复发的预报因子。方法选取2001年1月至2003年4月期间哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院血管外科收治的60例DVT患者，其中初发组和复发组各30例，另随机选取门诊就诊经证实无DVT的下肢静脉曲张或深静脉功能不全的30例患者作为对照组，同时选取复发DVT的一级亲属组30例。用荧光偏振免疫法测定Hey，用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测APLA中的抗心磷脂抗体（AcLA）水平（IgG、IgM型）并测定狼疮抗体（LA）阳性率。结果初发与复发DVT组患者血浆中的Hey和ACLA-IgG及ACLA-IgM水平均高于对照组和复发DVT一级亲属组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。复发DVT的一级亲属组的血浆中的Hey水平高于对照组（P〈0．05）。各组的LA阳性率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论DVT患者血浆中Hey和APLA均升高，Hey和APLA与深静脉血栓形成有密切关系。Hey升高与DVT复发有关，可能是DVT复发的预报因子。     

胰头静脉弓的16层CT研究

目的探讨16层CT的各种血管成像方法对胰头静脉弓的正常表现及显示率方法对40例非腹部疾病患者行胰腺静脉期扫描,使用轴位图像、薄层最大密度投影(TSMIP)和容积再现(VR)图像分别评价胰头静脉弓的表现及显示率结果轴位图像、TSMIP和VR显示胃网膜右静脉均为100%,胃结肠干均为80%,右结肠上静脉分别为100%、87.5%、80%;胰十二指肠上后静脉分别为92.5%、65%、40%;胰十二指肠上前静脉分别为92.5%、62.5%、45%结论使用16层CT,联合轴位、TSMIP和VR图像可以清楚显示胰头静脉弓     

Cerebrovascular deaths before and after the appearance of oral contraceptives

The mortality of cerebrovascular diseases in Denmark was analysed for men and women 15-44 years of age, in a 14-year period before and after the appearance of oral contraceptives (OC) in 1966. 1,670 deaths were registered over 28 years, during which the female incidence of cerebrovascular deaths increased by 19% (P less than 0.025), while the male mortality was unchanged. Women showed a percentage increase in deaths from cerebral thromboembolic attacks (CTA) of 33%, men a fall of 14%. The increase of female CTA deaths was most pronounced in the young fertile group, the age group with a high OC use. A relative risk of CTA of 3.3-4.5 for OC users compared with non-users could explain the CTA trend difference between women and men. No other single risk factor responsible for the observed trends could be identified. Both women and men had a significant increase in the mortality of subarachnoidal hemorrhages, and a significant fall in the mortality of intracerebral hemorrhages.     

An uncommon cause of acute right ventricular failure and high mixed venous oxygen saturation

Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are rare. We report a case in which the usual clinical manifestations were not present and the patient was initially treated as an acute pulmonary embolus. Despite three negative echocardiograms an intra-cardiac shunt was suspected because of a persistently elevated mixed venous oxygen saturation. Cardiac catheterisation confirmed the diagnosis. Surgical repair was performed and post operative recovery was uneventful.     

华法林在我国治疗静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的最优抗凝区间

目的 前瞻性研究我国静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(VTE)患者不同华法林抗凝强度区间的出血率和VTE复发率及寻找最优国际标准化比值(INR)区间.方法 将2006年10月至2007年7月间安贞医院收治的180例VTE患者作为研究对象,随机分成A、B、C 3组,每组各60例,分别对应INR目标区问是1.50～1.99(低强度抗凝组)、2.00～2.50(中等强度抗凝组)及2.51～3.00(高强度抗凝组).INR稳定在目标区间2周以上后,开始正式观察每组大、中、小量出血率及VTE复发率.研究者及观察对象均遵循盲法原则.结果 低强度组与中高强度组的复发率分别为8.3%、1.7%(P=0.042).低、中、高强度抗凝3组间少量出血率分别为8.3%、18.3%及6.7%(P=0.089);低与中高强度组中量出血率分别为3.3%、7.5%(P=0.341);低与中高强度组大量出血率分别为0%、3.3%(P=0.303).62岁以上人群,中低强度组大出血(1例)与高强度组(3例)相比(即INR从1.5～2.5增加到2.51～3.00),危险比为12.600(95%可信区间为1.183～134.238).结论 对于一般中国人.华法林抗凝INR在2.0～3.0之间既能减少VTE复发风险又不增加出血风险,故INR应推荐在2.0～3.0之间.对于年龄62岁以上的高龄人群,INR应推荐在2.0～2.5之间.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired chronic hemolytic anemia associated with an unusual susceptibility to hemolytic crisis, infection, and venous thrombosis which would be aggravated by a number of factors including surgery. We report a case of PNH undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and discuss the corresponding perioperative management.     

全植入式药泵行肝血管灌注治疗晚期肝癌

对２４例不能切除的晚期肝癌采用完全植入式药泵行肝动脉和门静脉双灌注化疗。结果：部分缓解（ＰＲ）１５例（６２．５％），稳定（Ｓ）８例（３３．３％），进展（Ｐ）１例。平均生存期为９．１７月，半年生存率为６６．７％，１年为２５％。在ＡＦＰ＞４００μｇ／Ｌ的１０例中，５例下降。     

下腔静脉滤器在治疗下肢深静脉血栓中的应用

目的：探讨下腔静脉滤器在治疗下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)中的应用价值。方法：选择10例DVT患，使用进口铁质滤器，经股静脉或颈静脉途径置人下腔静脉，随访8—20个月。结果：10例患中无一例发生肺动脉栓塞和其他严重并发症。结论：下腔静脉滤器置人方法简单，安全；可有效防止肺动脉栓塞的发生。     

李辅仁治疗老年脑部疾患的经验

治疗脑出血,急症抢救期先以安宫牛黄丸之类芳香开窍醒脑,并予以止血,待神志清醒,血压稳定后,再施以补气活血、化瘀通络、平肝潜阳之法,脑血栓亦先开窍醒脑,后用自拟安脑化瘀汤以安脑通络、活血化瘀治之;老年性痴呆则以滋补肝肾、填精健脑为主,佐平肝活血、醒脑开窍为辅,药用自拟醒脑复聪汤;蛛网膜下腔出血以清脑醒神、镇痉熄风为治,药用自拟清脑熄风汤。