Body mass index and postoperative complications in kidney transplant recipients

Background: There is a growing number of overweight and obese patients receiving kidney transplants, despite elevated body mass index (BMI) being associated with postoperative complications. Understanding associations between BMI and complications would allow more objectivity when recommending patients for transplantation or otherwise. Methods: We analysed a retrospective cohort of 508 adult patients who received primary kidney grafts at a single centre in South Australia, 2002–2009, using hospital records and Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) data. Complications within 1 year of transplantation were classified into: surgical, wound, urological, delayed graft function, early nephrectomy and admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Results: Overall, 62% of transplant recipients had a BMI above 25 kg/m² at transplant. Higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of wound complications (P < 0.001), early nephrectomy (P = 0.002) and delayed graft function (P = 0.03), but not associated with surgical or urological complications, or ICU admission. These associations were stronger for Indigenous Australians than other patients, especially for surgical complications. There was no BMI value above which risks of complications increase substantially. Conclusion: Delayed graft function is an important determinant of patient outcomes. Wound complications can be serious, and are more common in patients with higher BMI. This may justify the use of elevated BMI as a contraindication for transplantation, although no obvious cut‐off value exists. Investigations into other measures of body fat composition and distribution are warranted.     

微创内镜下输尿管切开取石术

目的介绍微创内镜下输尿管切开取石术的方法和体会。方法15例输尿管结石患者，做3～5cm皮肤切口，在直视或膀胱镜监视下完成输尿管切开取石术。结果15例患者在30～60min中顺利完成手术，分离的肌层仅缝1针，术后6h即可下地活动，无并发症。结论微创内镜下输尿管切开取石术，创伤小、康复快、手术设备简单、费用低廉。     

Visual evoked potentials and visual acuity after transurethral resection of the prostate

Changes in visual evoked potentials, visual acuity, blood ammonia levels and serum electrolytes (Na+ and K+) after transurethral resection of the prostate using glycine as an irrigating fluid performed under subarachnoid block were studied in 12 patients, in the pre-operative and immediate postoperative periods. Visual evoked potentials (p100 latency), recorded by shift of a checkerboard pattern, increased significantly from a pre-operative value of mean (SEM) 101.18 (1.63) msec in the right eye, and 102.5 (1.47) msec in the left eye to 108.91 (1.8) msec (p less than 0.01) and 108.08 (2.53) msec (p less than 0.01) respectively in the postoperative phase. There were no changes in visual acuity as assessed by a Snellen's chart, blood ammonia levels and serum electrolyte concentrations. The amount of glycine used intra-operatively for irrigation ranged from 3 to 31 litres.     

Unilateral pulmonary oedema/atelectasis in the lateral decubitus position

An obese male patient developed hypoxia, hyercarbia and radiological signs of pulmonary oedema/atelectasis in the dependent lung after surgery in the lateral decubitus position. This appears to have been due to ventilation-perfusion mismatch, although other factors were considered. The patient recovered following 36 hours of intermittent positive pressure ventilation of the lungs.     

后腹腔镜技术治疗泌尿外科疾病的体会

目的：观察后腹腔镜技术治疗泌尿系疾病的方法及临床效果。方法：采用后腹腔镜技术治疗泌尿系疾病61例，其中肾上腺肿瘤切除术7例，肾囊肿去顶术11例，肾切除术10例，肾、输尿管、膀胱开口衲状切除术3例，根治性肾切除术7例，离断式肾盂成形术3例，肾盂切开取石术4例，输尿管切开取石术16例。结果；61例中的59例手术获得成功。手术时间30-180min，平均106．0min；术中平均出血57．9mL，术中及术后均未输忆无明显并发症；术后住院时间2-11d，平均6．5d。结论：腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病，具有安全，有效，损伤小，住院时间短，恢复快，并发症少，疤痕少等优点，在泌尿外科具有很好的应用前景，但须掌握适应证。     

周智恒辨治泌尿男科疾病经验举隅

总结周智恒教授辨证施治泌尿男科疾病的临证经验。分别介绍其治疗男性不育症、性功能障碍、前列腺疾病的辨证方法、用药经验,并举相应验案。