Efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in Japanese patients with severe eosinophilic asthma

Background

The MENSA trial assessed the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. This report describes the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in Japanese patients from MENSA.

腔内钬激光碎石术与开放手术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效比较

目的比较腔内钬激光碎石术与传统开放手术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法选择该院泌尿外科2008-01~2015-12收治的118例输尿管结石患者,随机分为碎石术组(88例)和开放手术组(30例),比较两组患者的术中术后情况及结石清除情况。结果碎石术组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后下床活动时间、术后首次排气时间、术后镇痛药使用率和术后感染率明显低于开放手术组(P0.05),但两组术后并发症发生率、结石清除率和复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腔内钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石疗效显著,且安全可靠、患者痛苦小,其结石清除率和复发率与开放手术相似。     

老年糖尿病患者泌尿道感染的病原谱及药敏分析

目的了解老年糖尿病患者泌尿道感染的常见病原菌及药敏情况。方法采用细菌培养鉴定、药敏试验方法,对老年糖尿病合并泌尿道感染患者的70株中段尿分离菌株进行统计学分析。结果70株病原菌中,革兰氏阴性菌占65．7％;革兰氏阳性菌占21．4％;真菌占12．9％。革兰氏阴性菌中大肠埃希菌最多;革兰氏阳性菌中溶血葡萄球菌最多,未发现对万古霉素耐药的肠球菌。真菌以白假丝酵母菌为主。革兰氏阴性菌敏感性高的抗生素：美洛培南和亚胺培南、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦;革兰氏阳性菌中,溶血葡萄球菌对夫西地酸、利福平、米诺环素、替考拉宁、万古霉素、呋喃妥因、喹奴普汀／达福普汀高度敏感,粪肠球菌及屎肠球菌仅对替考拉宁、万古霉素敏感性较高。白假丝酵母菌对氟康唑、伊曲康唑等药物敏感性较高。结论老年糖尿病患者合并泌尿道感染,常见的致病菌为革兰氏阴性菌。因细菌耐药率高,应及早进行中段尿培养及药敏试验。     

上海市60～70岁女性压力性尿失禁患病现状及生活质量和相关因素分析

目的 调查上海市60～70岁社区妇女压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)患病现状和生活质量,并对相关危险因素进行分析,为制定有效的社区干预方案提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样,选择上海市杨浦区和黄浦区共1 962例60 ～ 70岁妇女为调查对象,采用国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷表简表(ICI-Q-SF)、尿失禁生活质量问卷(I-QOL)和一般情况调查表进行调查.资料采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析.结果 上海市60～70岁妇女尿失禁患病率为16.92％,SUI患病率为12.08％,轻度SUI占84.81％.BMI、孕次、孕期漏尿、妇科疾病、便秘、尿路感染、慢性呼吸系统疾病是SUI发生的独立危险因素,但对尿失禁患者生活质量无明显影响.结论 SUI是社区老年妇女常见病,危害身心健康且影响生活质量,针对相关危险因素进行干预意义重大.     

A self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion level measurement device for educating young women about salt reduction: A parallel randomized trial involving two groups

To prevent and treat hypertension, it is important to restrict salt in one's diet since adolescence. However, an effective salt‐reduction education system has yet to be established. Besides accurate evaluation, we believe that the frequent usage of a measurement device may motivate individuals to avoid high salt intake. The present study evaluated the use of a urinary salt excretion measurement device for salt‐reduction education in a parallel randomized trial of two groups. The sample comprised 100 university students who provided consent to participate. A survey with 24‐hour home urine collection and blood pressure measurement was conducted. Participants in the self‐monitoring group measured their own urinary salt excretion level for 4 weeks, using the self‐measurement device. Analyses were conducted on 51 participants in the control group and 49 in the self‐monitoring group. At baseline, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their characteristics and 24‐hour urinary salt excretion levels. After intervention, 24‐hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio showed no change in the control group [baseline score: 4.1 ± 1.5; endline score: 4.2 ± 2.0; P = 0.723], but it decreased significantly in the self‐monitoring group [baseline score: 4.0 ± 1.7; endline score: 3.5 ± 1.4; P = 0.044]. This change was significant even after adjusting for baseline and endline differences between groups using analysis of covariance (P = 0.045). The self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion measurement device improved the 24‐hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio. The device is a useful and practical tool for educating young individuals about dietary salt reduction.     

尿路移行细胞癌微转移的检测

目的 探讨尿路移行细胞癌患者外周血CK20的表达及临床意义.方法 采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测47例尿路移行细胞癌患者和14例健康志愿者以及18例非肿瘤患者外周血CK20的表达.以GAPDH作为内参照.结果 14例健康志愿者和18例非肿瘤患者外周血CK20的表达均为阴性;47例尿路移行细胞癌患者外周血CK20阳性表达率为21.3%(10/47):T1为0(0/29),T2为20%(2/10),T3为100%(4/4),T4为100%(4/4).随访12个月,6例(T2～T3)外周血CK20阳性的尿路移行细胞癌有3例(T3G2膀胱癌1例,TaG2和T3G2输尿管癌各1例)发生远处转移.结论 检测外周血CK20表达,可以提示癌细胞的血行播散,对判断预后以及指导治疗具有一定临床价值.     

急诊胃镜诊治急性上消化道非曲张静脉破裂出血42例

目的:观察注射肾上腺素及热探头凝固疗法对上消化道非曲张静脉破裂出血的治疗作用.方法:对42例上消化道活动性出血患者(13例胃溃疡,25例十二指肠球部溃疡,4例Dieulafoy's病)进行局部注射肾上腺素及热探头凝固治疗.结果:42例患者经首次治疗后,有38例(90.5%)出血停止(消化性溃疡35/38,Dieulafoy's病3/4),再出血率为23.7%(9/38).手术率为19.0%(8/42),无死亡发生.结论:局部注射肾上腺素及热探头凝固法是治疗上消化道非静脉曲张破裂出血的有效手段.     

上消化道出血患者检测血清前白蛋白的临床意义

目的:探讨血清前白蛋白在上消化道出血中的意义。方法:对32例肝硬化并发上消化道出血患者及30例胃十二指肠疾病并发上消化道出血患者进行血清前白蛋白(PA)测定,并与34例正常对照相比较。结果:肝硬化并发上消化道出血患者血清PA低于胃十二指肠疾病并发上消化道出血者及正常对照组,且肝硬化组PA分布与后两者无重迭;Child分级间PA有显著差异。结论:上消化道出血患者检测血清PA有助于肝硬化并发出血的诊断,并可帮助判断病情及估计预后。     

食管入口部的解剖学特点及其临床意义

目的：为全喉切除术后的患者进行发音重建，为制造适合我国人的发音管提供解剖学基础。方法：对４０具正常成人尸体标本食管入口部进行了观察测量，测量食管入口部的内外横径、前后壁厚度，第１、第２气管环之间气管食管共壁的宽度、厚度。结果：发现食管入口部前后壁的厚度相差显著，前壁明显厚于后壁。食管入口部的内横径平均值为１１．９ｍｍ，外横径平均值为１６．６ｍｍ。在第１、第２气管环之间的气管食管共壁宽度的平均值为１２．０ｍｍ；其厚度平均值为６．１ｍｍ等。结论：本研究对进行发音重建、食管镜检查有指导作用，为制造适合我国人的发音管提供数据。