Ultrasonic nebulization of hypertonic solution: a new method for obtaining specimens from nasal mucosa for morphologic and biochemical analysis in allergic rhinitis

Various techniques are used to collect specimens from the nasal mucosa for morphologic and biochemical analysis. The purpose of this study was to devise a method that overcomes some of the disadvantages (e.g., invasive procedure, samples not suitable for cytologic and biochemical analysis, lack of standardization, and poor reproducibility) of these techniques. The new method requires subjects, with neck extended, to inhale an ultrasonic nebulization of a hypertonic (3% NaCl) solution (UNHS) for 5 min. They then blow their nose into a Petri dish, one nostril at a time with the other one blocked. The secretions are dispersed with 0.1% dithiothreitol in phosphate buffer solution for 20 min. Total cell count (TCC) is evaluated, and the cellular suspension is divided into two aliquots: one is centrifuged and the supernatants are collected for eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) measurements; the other is cytocentrifuged and the slides, stained with Diff-Quik, are used for differential cell count. The results obtained with the UNHS and nasal lavage (NL) methods were compared. Eleven nonatopic healthy subjects and 19 allergic rhinitic patients were studied. Total cell count (×10⁵) was significantly higher with UNHS than with NL (13.0±12.3 vs 1.911.6; P<0.0]) The differential cell count was similar with the two procedures. ECP levels (μg/l) were higher with UNHS than with NL (39.1+38.2 V.S 16.7±41.2; P<0.01). For evaluation of reproducibility, four healthy and six rhinitic subjects underwent UNHS on two occasions within 5 days, and the results of two samples (sample 1 vs sample 2) were analyzed. Reproducibility was good as to TCC, differential cell count, and ECP     

盲人智能探路手杖的研究

本文介绍了盲人智能探路手杖的研究.该系统由单片机控制,采用两只超声波传感器的探测模式,对盲人行进路上的路况进行探测和分析,并针对不同的路况发出相应的提示信息,以达到辅助盲人安全行走的目的.     

超声引导下肾囊肿的治疗

目的：通过超声的引导,对肾囊肿采取精确定位穿刺治疗,从而使肾囊肿的治疗更为简便有效。方法：从1995年以来的肾囊肿患者中选取12例单纯性肾囊肿患者,在穿刺探头引导下,对肾囊肿进行穿刺注射无水乙醇治疗,并在术后3－12个月进行随访。结果：治疗后3个月治愈率41．7％,6个月66．7％,12个月治愈率83．3％,有效率100％,无并发症发生,结论：超声引导穿刺治疗肾囊肿方法简便,安全可靠,痛苦小,治愈率高,值得向广大基层医院推广。     

二维超声诊断胎儿脐带绕颈136例分析

目的 了解胎儿脐带绕颈时对胎儿安危及窘迫和缺氧的影响程度。方法 采用日本Aloka-630型超声诊断仪,孕妇孕周为28-42周。结果 二维超声诊断胎儿脐带绕颈136例,经分娩证实129例。符合率94.85%。结论 二维超声诊断与分娩后证实比较,超声是诊断脐带绕颈的可靠方法之一。为分娩方式提供依据。     

B超图像纹理的复杂性分析

本文提出一种复杂性度量法对肝脏Ｂ超图像纹理的分类进行了研究,图像的灰度值复杂性作为纹理特征。     

盆腔囊性肿块超声手术对比及与中医辨证分型关系

本文对８３例患者盆腔囊性肿块超声诊断结果与手术及病理检查进行对比,提高了超声诊断的准确性。同时结合中医辨证分型拟找寻出中医分型与超声诊断的内在联系,以提高中医诊疗水平     

Implementation of percutaneous dilation tracheotomy – value of preincisional ultrasonic examination?

BACKGROUND: In this observational study we have evaluated the implementation of percutaneous dilation tracheotomy (PDT), using the forceps dilation technique (Portex) in a multidisciplinary ICU. METHODS: We included a preincisional ultrasonic evaluation of the neck in order to visualise the isthmus glandula thyroidea and major vessels. The observational period comprised one year. PDT was performed in 28 patients. RESULTS: Implementation of PDT was uneventful. Duration of insertion was 10 min (4-40 min). Total time of tracheostomy was 8 days (1-65 days). In nine cases, the proximal end of the isthmus was overlying the space between the 1st and 2nd tracheal ring, which was considered the optimal insertion site. This resulted in seven cases of insertion between the cricoidea and the 1st tracheal ring and in two cases in a more distal insertion. Nineteen tracheotomies were performed in the interstice between the 1st and 2nd tracheal ring. In nine patients, major vessels were overlying the trachea. In none of the patients did this information result in an altered insertion site. Two cases of minor bleeding were observed; both stopped upon compression. In two patients the primary tube size (8.0) was too big and a smaller tube had to be inserted. In one patient the tube was maladapted to the stoma and had to be interchanged with an ordinary tracheostomial tube on the 5th day of tracheostomy. CONCLUSION: Based on the experience gathered in this study and information from the literature, we have abandoned the routine use of ultrasonic examination of the neck prior to PDT. In order to achieve and maintain routine, we suggest that the procedure is performed by a restricted number of doctors.     

超声法提取绞股蓝总皂甙的工艺研究

本实验证明，超声法可以提高绞股蓝总皂甙的提取率，最佳提取工艺为超声高频提取3次，每次80min，得率为1．226％。     

乳腺肿瘤的高频超声检查与鉴别诊断

目的对乳腺肿瘤的高频声像图特征与CDFI的表现进行探讨.方法对59例经手术、病理证实为乳腺肿瘤的高频声像图与病理进行对照.结果高频超声在肿块的物理性质诊断方面符合率达100%,在肿块良恶性鉴别诊断方面符合率为87.4%.本组的病灶好发于乳腺外上象限及内上象限,良性肿瘤彩色血流显示率低,且多位于肿瘤周边部,血流检出率为48.6%(17/35);而恶性肿瘤内部见短条状血流信号,血流检出率为91.7%(22/24),两者差异有显著性(P<0.004).结论乳腺肿瘤有明显声像特征,高频超声诊断符合率高.     

脂肪肝的超声诊断与实验室相关检查的关系分析

目的:分析脂肪肝的超声诊断与实验室相关检查的关系,以早期发现和治疗脂肪肝.方法:以超声诊断脂肪肝为标 准,结合二维声像图的检查,同时对脂肪肝患者及健康人各 100例进行血脂检测.结果:血脂的变化与脂肪肝的发生 密切相关.结论:脂肪肝与肝油三脂升高密切相关,二维超声图像结合实验室检查,可早期发现脂肪肝.