两种牵引方法治疗颈椎生理曲度异常的比较研究

[目的]比较两种不同的牵引方法矫正颈曲异常的效果,为指导临床选择合适的牵引方法提供依据。[方法]对72例颈椎生理曲度异常的患者分别采用动态成角牵引和传统静态垂直牵引治疗,比较两组牵引前后的颈曲值及两组之间的颈曲值。[蛄果]两组治疗前后及两组之间的颈曲值改变均有统计学意义。[结论]两种牵引方法对颈椎病的颈曲异常均有较好的矫正效果,而动态成角牵引疗效明显优于垂直牵引,其方法简单,可操作性强,值得推广使用。     

不同消毒方法对碳离子改性硅橡胶表面自由能及邵氏硬度的影响

目的 初步探讨碳离子硅橡胶经过不同消毒试剂与方法处理后其表面亲疏水性、表面自由能以及邵氏硬度的变化情况.方法 碳离子硅橡胶经过70％酒精、2％碱性戊二醛、0.5％碘伏、5.25％次氯酸钠、3％过氧化氢以及134℃高温、高压等消毒试剂或方法处理后,采用静态接触角测定仪检测其表面水、甘油接触角以及邵氏硬度变化情况,采用Owen-Wendt公式计算表面自由能γs、极性分量γsp以及非极性分量γsd变化.结果 碳离子硅橡胶经过5.25％次氯酸钠以及3％过氧化氢处理后,其表面接触角以及表面自由能发生明显变化,前者使得其表面呈现出完全的亲水性;70％酒精、2％碱性戊二醛、0.5％碘伏以及134℃高温、高压等方法对材料表面接触角以及表面自由能等影响较小.不同处理组材料表面邵氏硬度差异均无统计学意义.结论 70％酒精以及134℃高温、高压等消毒方法对碳离子硅橡胶表面性能影响最小,结合操作便利性等因素,70％酒精可认为是该材料最适宜的消毒处理方式.而次氯酸钠消毒液极不利于该材料表面形貌维持,不宜采用.     

84例激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性房角关闭的疗效观察

目的评价激光治疗对原发性房角关闭（PAC）患者的长期疗效.方法收集84例（84眼）原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）住院病人,一眼行手术治疗,另一眼符合PAC观察指标者,进行激光周边虹膜切除术（LPI）,Goldmann眼压计测量眼压,观察LPI前、后各个时间点眼压的变化及转归.结果LPI治疗前眼压平均（20.21±12.78）mmHg;治疗后1月眼压平均（13.84±3.86）mmHg,观察终末眼压平均（14.91±5.87）mmHg;76例眼压长期控制,有效率（90.47%）;2例眼压增高,视神经发生改变（2.38%）行手术治疗;6例眼压增高而未发生视神经病变（7.14%）给予药物控制眼压.结论LPI能够控制PAG患者的眼压,疗效持久、稳定.     

微种植支抗关闭正畸拔牙间隙对下颌垂直向位置的影响

目的分析应用微种植支抗关闭正畸拔牙间隙对下颌垂直向位置的影响。方法选择2008年1月~2011年12月解放军306医院患者20例,将应用微种植支抗的高角正畸拔牙患者进行5项与下颌垂直位置有关的指标测量,对治疗前后指标进行统计学分析。结果上颌中切牙（U1）治疗前后【（33．01±2．43）、（30．70±2．53）mm】垂直向位置变化具有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）;上颌第一磨牙（U6）平均压低治疗前后『（23．93±1．99）、（22．78±2．02）mm]垂直向位置变化具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗前后下颌平面角及合平面角（GOGN—SN、FNA、Oc．cp—FH）变化差异具有统计学意义（19〈0．05）。结论种植支抗辅助高角拔牙正畸治疗后,上颌中切牙及上颌第一磨牙呈现一定程度压低,下颌平面角及合平面角减小,下颌产生一定程度逆时针旋转。     

前房穿刺减压术处理急性闭角型青光眼急性发作

目的 探讨前房穿刺减压术对处理急性闭角型青光眼急性发作的疗效。方法 对7例7眼急性闭角型青光眼急性发作患者(术前眼压平均65mmHg)在应用常规药物治疗未能有效降低眼压后,于1％丁卡因表麻下,在裂隙灯下用一次性无菌5号针头于角膜周边6°处穿刺前房,放出房水至眼球变软后退针。结果 所有病例经穿刺减压后眼压即刻降下,术后平均眼压25mmHg,角膜迅速变透明,病人症状缓解。术中病人无痛苦,未发现并发症。5例5眼穿刺后约5-8小时眼压再次升高,遂再次放液。结论 前房穿刺减压术是一种有效、安全、简单的紧急处理急性闭角型青光眼急性发作的手段,避免了大量应用常规降眼压药物可能引起的副作用,为后续治疗创造了有利的条件。房水产生过多,可能是一些患者眼压控制不良的重要原因之一。     

桥小脑角入路术后脑脊液鼻漏

目的　探讨桥小脑角开颅术中减少脑脊液 (CSF)鼻漏产生的措施及治疗原则。方法　结合文献报道 ,回顾性分析 2 4 0例桥小脑角区手术后CSF鼻漏的临床资料。结果　术后并发 8例CSF鼻漏 ,均因颞骨气腔区骨质破坏 ,CSF经咽鼓管流出所致。结论　掌握颞骨气腔区形成的解剖特点 ,减少骨质破坏 ,加强封闭可能的漏口 ,可有效地减少鼻漏发生     

脊柱不稳固X线表现及测量方法研究(附73例分析)

目的：通过分析归纳了脊柱不稳固的Ｘ线表现、临床症状及新的测量方法。方法：对７３例脊柱不稳固的腰骶椎片均用笔者自己设计的测量方法与Ｆｅｒｇｕｓｏｎ’ｓ测量法进行比较,认为前者测量法较准确、方便,亦符合身体持重线力的规律。结果：本组病例统计以青壮年男性患者多见（占６８．５％）,脊柱不稳固的产生与先天性的脊柱结构性缺陷及后天性的运动量、姿势、负重有一定的关系。结论：应用改进后的摄影、测量方法可以提高对本     

Mechanical Effects of Rear-Wheel Camber on Wheelchairs

Giving the rear wheels of manually propelled wheelchairs negative camber (by angling them such that the bottoms of the wheels are farther apart than the tops) has become increasingly popular, especially among active users. This study's purpose was to evaluate how changing camber affects a wheelchair's mechanics and the extent of these changes. Using a representative wheelchair occupied by an anthropomorphic dummy, we altered the camber from +15° to ?15° and measured the effects on nine selected variables. In addition to increasing the wheelchair's track width, negative camber increases the wheelchair's wheelbase and decreases the height of the frame. With negative camber, the center of gravity (CG) of the occupied wheelchair moves backwards. Negative camber causes a backwards tilt of the frame which, in turn, causes toe-out of the rear wheels, a positive caster-inclination angle and an increase in the caster-trail distance. It is apparent that a change in one component of a wheelchair can affect many others, which should be taken into consideration and, where appropriate, compensated for when changing the camber of the wheelchair.     

Comparison of success rate and intraocular pressure spikes between selective laser trabeculoplasty and micropulse laser trabeculoplasty in African American and Hispanic patients

AIM: To examine the efficacy and safety of micropulse laser trabeculoplasty (MLT) versus selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in a large cohort of primarily African American and Hispanic patients. METHODS: A single center retrospective comparative cohort review conducted at Cook County Health facilities that included patients with a diagnosis of open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who received an SLT or MLT procedure between January 2017 and May 2021. RESULTS: Totally 131 eyes of 99 patients were analyzed. The 77 eyes received SLT and 54 received MLT. Seven out of 77 eyes in the SLT group (9.1%) and 1 out of 54 eyes in the MLT group (1.9%) had an IOP spike (defined as > 5 mm Hg) at either 1h or 1wk after procedure (P=0.05, Chi-squared test with Haldane-Anscombe correction). The procedure failure rate at one year was 50% for SLT and 48% for MLT (P=0.31). CONCLUSION: MLT has a significantly lower incidence of pressure spikes and a similar treatment failure rate at 1-year post-procedure, demonstrating that it is a reasonable alternative compared to SLT.