Concept of variable angle locking—evolution and mechanical evaluation of a recent technology

Applications for fracture‐adapted screw positioning offered by variable angle locking screws are increasing. The locking strength of the variable angle locking mechanism at different insertion angles was compared to conventional fixed angle locking screws. Stainless steel (S) and titanium (Ti) variable and fixed angle 2.4 mm locking screws, inserted at different inclinations (0°?15°), and locked at 0.8 Nm were subjected to a load‐to‐failure test. Ultimate failure moment at the screw‐head interface and failure mode of the screws were determined. Significant differences were detected by one‐way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Stainless steel and titanium variable angle locking screws inserted at 2°?10° inclination exhibited a failure moment comparable to the 0° position (S 1.67± 0.04 Nm; Ti 1.67 ± 0.14 Nm) and failed predominantly at the screw neck, with the head remaining fixed to the plate. Inserted at 15° inclination, screws revealed a lower failure moment (S 1.33 ± 0.06 Nm, Ti 1.58 ± 0.05Nm), and failed predominantly by breakout of the head thread. Fixed angle locking screws inserted at an inclination >2° did not lock properly in the plate hole, providing insufficient locking strength. Variable angle locking screws offer a stable head‐locking mechanism at different inclinations, comparable to the locking strength of orthogonal inserted fixed angle locking screws. Marginal inclinations >15° should be used with care. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:988–992, 2015.

     

微沟槽图形结构对硅橡胶表面性能和细胞相容性的影响

目的 制作具有微沟槽图形的硅橡胶(silicone rubber,SR)表面改性材料,检测改性前后材料表面理化性质,初步评价细胞相容性.方法 利用具有微沟槽图形的方形母版,采用浇灌的方法成功制作表面具有微沟槽图形的硅橡胶改性材料,同时进行碳离子注入处理,并采用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)、水接触角等技术测量改性前后硅橡胶的表面理化性质.通过细胞黏附实验、CCK-8细胞增殖实验以及Western blot等技术观察人真皮成纤维细胞的生长情况以及Talin、Zyxin蛋白的表达.结果 AFM观察到各组材料表面形貌出现明显的差异,微沟槽硅橡胶(patterned SR,P-SR)以及微沟槽-碳硅橡胶(patterned carbon ion implanted SR,PC-SR)均可在表面见微沟槽图形,而碳硅橡胶(carbon ion implanted SR,C-SR)出现不规则凸凹结构.水接触角显示材料进行微沟槽图形化处理后,可增加材料的水接触角.细胞黏附和增殖实验提示对材料进行微沟槽图形化处理后,细胞的黏附和增殖能力较C-SR降低,但两者差异无统计学意义.免疫荧光观察到人真皮成纤维细胞在P-SR和PC-SR组排列有序.Western blot检测细胞黏附相关蛋白Talin、Zyxin的表达在C-SR和PC-SR组高于SR组(P＜0.05).结论 微沟槽图形可影响硅橡胶的表面性能和细胞的增殖、排列等功能,对减轻包膜挛缩发生率起到积极作用.     

Polystyrene‐block‐Polyisoprene Diblock‐Copolymer Micelles: Coupled Pressure and Temperature Effects

The structural changes of diblock‐copolymer micelles under pressures from 200 to 16 000 psi are investigated using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). Asymmetric polystyrene‐block‐polyisoprene (PS–PI) diblock copolymers are dissolved in decane, a selective solvent for PI, to form spherical micelles with a core of PS and a corona of PI. The micellar solutions are put under pressure at temperatures of 25 to 60 °C. At room temperature, elevating the pressure from 200 to 16 000 psi has no effect on the size of the micelles. While the micellar solutions remain stable, instantaneous association of micelles is detected. In contrast to micelles at atmospheric pressure, increasing the temperature at elevated pressures does not lead to dissociation of micelles; instead, the micelles aggregate and evolve into sheet‐like structures, reminiscent of a macroscopic phase separation. Furthermore, higher pressures lead to a smaller temperature range in which shape transitions take place.

     

关节镜下臀肌挛缩松解术治疗髌股关节不稳定的疗效分析

目的 探讨关节镜下臀肌挛缩松解术对改善髌股关节不稳定的疗效。方法 选取了66例在2016年1月—2018年12月于同济大学附属第十人民医院行关节镜下臀肌挛缩松解术的患者,所选的研究对象术前必须伴有髌股关节不稳定的症状和相关影像学证据。并于术前术后评估患者的膝关节Lysholm功能评分,运用CT检查获取髌股关节相关指标并进行统计分析。结果 所有入组患者均获得了较好的临床效果,术前的髋关节活动弹响和异常姿势症状明显改善。此外,术后患者膝关节的疼痛也有显著的缓解,术前术后的Lysholm评分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在膝关节CT影像学的对比中可以发现,髌骨倾斜角,髌股指数和髌骨外移度指标在术后明显减小（P<0.05）。平均的外侧髌股角术后明显增大(P<0.05)。结论 关节镜下臀肌挛缩松解术可以显著改善髌骨的外移和倾斜,从而增强髌股关节的稳定性。