Chance骨折发生机制及椎弓根内固定治疗探讨

目的 探讨胸腰椎Chance骨折的发生机制及经后路椎弓根内固定的疗效分析.方法 经后路椎弓根螺钉固定治疗Chance骨折28例,男17例,女11例,年龄8～63岁;致伤节段:T12 9例,L112例,L25例,L32例.结果 失访5倒,余23例均获6个月至7.5年的随访,随访病例脊柱后柱分离状态均得到明显恢复,无固定失败及感染等并发症,除Frankel功能分级A级患者神经系统功能无变化外,其余21例神经损伤患者均有不同程度恢复.结论 Chance骨折经椎弓内固定手术治疗,可及时恢复脊柱的稳定性,促进患者康复.     

下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉内固定在三柱损伤模型中初始稳定性的生物力学研究

目的:比较下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉内固定(ATPS)和3种传统颈椎内固定技术在下颈椎3柱损伤模型中的初始稳定性,为其临床应用提供力学依据。方法:采集6具人颈椎标本并测定各原始标本(原始标本组)的三维运动范围,制成三柱损伤模型,模拟钛网植骨后依次行ATPS、前路钢板固定(AP)、前路钢板+侧块螺钉固定(AP+LMS)、后路椎弓根螺钉内固定(PTPS),测量4种内固定技术下的三维运动范围,将结果标准化并进行相互比较。结果:ATPS组屈伸、侧弯、轴向旋转运动范围标准化数值分别为(77.17±4.75)%、(82.00±2.61)%、(83.17±2.23)%,均明显小于原始标本组的100%、100%、100%(P0.05)。AP组屈伸、侧弯、轴向旋转运动范围标准化数值分别为(119.67±7.42)%、(116.33±7.53)%、(112.67±5.99)%,均明显大于原始标本组(P0.05)。AP组屈伸、侧弯、轴向旋转运动范围标准化数值均明显大于ATPS组(P0.05)。PTPS组屈伸、侧弯运动范围标准化数值与ATPS组相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);其轴向旋转运动范围标准化数值为(86.83±2.48)%,明显大于ATPS组(P=0.009)。AP+LMS组屈伸运动范围标准化数值为(68.50±2.43)%,小于ATPS组(P=0.003);其侧弯、轴向旋转运动范围标准化数值与ATPS组相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:ATPS可在下颈椎三柱损伤模型中提供足够的初始稳定性,其在生物力学性能方面优于AP、PTPS,和AP+LMS相近,适用于无需后路切开减压复位的下颈椎三柱损伤病例。     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty performed by the isocenter puncture method

Purpose The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of the isocenter puncture (ISOP) method. Materials and methods We investigated 73 vertebral bodies that had undergone percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) by the ISOP method, 118 vertebral bodies that had undergone the puncture simulation method, and 33 vertebral bodies that had undergone the conventional method. The items to be examined included the success rate (SR) of the median puncture of the vertebral body and the procedure time. The puncture accuracy and fluoroscopy time were also measured for the ISOP method. Results The SR was significantly higher and the procedure time significantly shorter when using the ISOP method rather than the conventional method. However, no significant differences were observed between the ISOP method and the puncture simulation method. The errors between the puncture needle tip and the puncture target point in the ISOP method were an average of 1.52, 2.08, and 1.87 mm in each of the horizontal, ventrodorsal, and craniocaudal directions. The fluoroscopy time when operating on one vertebral body was an average of 5.8 min. Conclusion The ISOP method is considered to be a useful approach while also reducing the puncture time and the fluoroscopy time. This article was presented at a Japan Radiological Society meeting in April 2007     

全椎板切除并全颈椎弓根钉棒系统重建治疗急性多节段脊髓损伤

目的探讨经颈椎后路行全椎板切除减压、颈椎弓根螺钉三维钉棒系统重建治疗伴或不伴颈椎后凸畸形的多节段急性脊髓损伤的疗效。方法对27例伴或不伴颈椎后凸畸形的多节段急性脊髓损伤的患者,行后路颈椎全椎板切除减压、小关节植骨融合、颈椎弓根钉棒系统内固定重建。根据术前、术后3个月随访时颈椎的标准侧位X光片、颈椎CT,以ASIA评分评估脊髓功能改善情况。术后随访3～24个月,平均10个月。结果所有病例均获骨性融合。术后3个月ASIA评分与术前比较均有提高。由于解剖的因素,应用颈椎弓根螺钉重建在术中较易损伤椎动脉。结论一期行颈椎后路椎板切除减压、椎弓根钉棒系统内固定重建颈椎序列是治疗伴或不伴颈椎后凸畸形的多节段急性脊髓损伤的有效方法。     

伤椎椎体内植骨结合后外侧植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨结合后外侧植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效。方法采用自体骨粒经椎弓根植入伤椎及后外侧内固定治疗20例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者(A组),并与仅行后外侧植骨内固定治疗的22例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者(B组)作对照研究。比较两组影像学指标、疼痛VAS评分及脊髓神经功能情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间为12~18(15±2.6)个月。伤椎前缘高度比、伤椎Cobb角:两组术后及末次随访与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),末次随访时两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。VAS评分:两组术后及末次随访时较术前均明显降低(P0.05),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。脊髓神经功能评估:两组末次随访时均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折经伤椎椎弓根椎体植骨结合后外侧植骨内固定,可恢复伤椎椎体高度及稳定性,防止术后椎体高度和Cobb角的再丢失以及内固定的失效。     

经皮长尾可折U形空心椎弓根钉系统固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效评估

目的:评价经皮长尾可折U形空心椎弓根钉系统内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2009年1月～2010年8月无明显神经损伤的不稳定胸腰椎骨折患者80例,分A组(长尾可折U形空心椎弓根钉系统内固定),B组(常规开放椎弓根钉固定),比较两组的手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后切口引流量以及手术前后伤椎椎弓前缘高度、矢状面Cobb角、椎管骨块占位率、置钉优良率以及术后3、6、12个月随访比较椎体高度、Cobb角及腰痛情况等。结果:两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后切口渗血及切口总长度A组分别为90.18±17.39min、81.25±8.67ml、6.60±1.64ml及6.86±0.60cm;B组分别为116.95±16.18min、315.70±72ml、224.48±30.18ml及13.53±1.48cm。以上各指标A、B两组有明显差异(P<0.05)。术后椎体前缘高度、Cobbs角、椎管骨块占位率及置钉优良率A组分别为(93.83±4.20)%、4.28°±1.08°、(3.49±3.27)%及96.25%;B组分别为(94.31±3.12)%、3.95°±0.97°、(3.27±3.03)%及97.50%,以上指标两组比较差异没有显著性(P>0.05);术后3、6、12个月随访影像学指征两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:经皮长尾可折U形空心椎弓根钉具有创伤小、操作方便、复位固定及效果与常规椎弓根钉固定一致,值得临床推广应用。     

Anterior cervical transpedicular screw fixation system in subaxial cervical spine: A finite element comparative study

Multilevel cervical corpectomy has raised the concern among surgeons that reconstruction with the anterior cervical screw plate system (ACSPS) alone may fail eventually. As an alternative, the anterior cervical transpedicular screw (ACTPS) has been adopted in clinical practice. We used the finite element analysis to investigate whether ACTPS is a more reasonable choice, in comparison with ACSPS, after a 2-level corpectomy in the subaxial cervical spine. These 2 types of implantation models with the applied 75 N axial pressure and 1 N • m pure moment of the couple were evaluated. Compared with the intact model, the range of motion (ROM) at the operative segments (C4–C7) decreased by 97.5% in flexion-extension, 91.3% in axial rotation, and 99.3% in lateral bending in the ACTPS model, whereas it decreased by 95.1%, 73.4%, 96.9% in the ACSPS model respectively. The ROM at the adjacent segment (C3/4) in the ACTPS model decreased in all motions, while that of the ACSPS model increased in axial rotation and flexion-extension compared with the intact model. Compared to the ACSPS model, whose stress concentrated on the interface between the screws and the titanium plate, the stress of the ACTPS model was well-distributed. There was also a significant difference between the maximum stress value of the 2 models. ACTPS and ACSPS are biomechanically favorable. The stability in reducing ROM of ACTPS may be better and the risk of failure for internal fixator is relatively low compared with ACSPS fixation except for under lateral bending in reconstruction the stability of the subaxial cervical spine after 2-level corpectomy.     

Atrofia de la musculatura paraespinal después de cirugía lumbar posterior con y sin fijación transpedicular por la técnica clásica

Objectives

Lumbar spine surgery causes a muscular injury during its approach that could worsen long-term postoperative functional results. This study aims to analyze the postoperative paraspinal atrophy associated with two types of intervention.

Evaluation of thoracic pedicle morphometry in a Chinese population using 3D reformatted CT

The aim of this study was to investigate the detailed three-dimensional morphology of the pedicles from T1 to T12 in 120 Chinese patients using a light-speed Vct CT (General Electric). After reformatting the original images, the following parameters were studied: outer pedicle width (OPW), outer pedicle height (OPH), pedicle chord length (PCL), pedicle cortical thickness (PCT) of the isthmus, and transverse pedicle angle (TPA). The mean outer pedicle width, outer pedicle height, and pedicle chord length were significantly smaller in females than in males at all levels (P < 0.01). The percentage of outer pedicle width ≤ 5.0 mm and ≤ 4.5 mm was high at mid-thoracic pedicles. No significant differences were found in transverse pedicle angle and pedicle cortical thickness in males and females. Pedicle cortical thickness was significantly thinner in patients over 50 years old compared with patients below 50 years old at most levels. The results showed that a screw of larger than 4.5 mm would be too large for mid-thoracic segments in Chinese population, especially for female patients. Considering the amount of variation between individuals and the complicated structure of the thoracic pedicles, the use of the transpedicular screw fixation must be individualized for each patient and based on detailed preoperative assessment. Reformatted CT assessment is essential before this procedure is performed.     

CT图像参考下单侧入路经皮椎体成形术的探讨

目的 探讨在CT图像测量进针参数参考下单侧入路行经皮椎体成形术(PVP)的可行性及临床疗效.方法 51例患者(67个椎体),在PVP前,采用PACS系统自带测量软件于CT图像上划线模拟单侧进路的可行性,以及测量经皮进针点与棘突间的距离和进针角度,在X线透视下行单侧PVP,模拟线提示不能单侧进路者改用双侧进路.采用视觉模...