截骨术矫治强直性脊柱炎胸腰段后凸畸形19例观察

目的:评价经T12或L1单节段经椎弓根椎体截骨术治疗强直性脊柱炎胸腰交界段后凸畸形的临床疗效.方法:对19例后凸畸形位于胸腰交界段的静止期强直性脊柱炎患者,经后路行T12或L1单节段经椎弓根椎体截骨钉-棒系统内固定术.手术前后测量胸腰交界段Cobb'S角(T11～L2)、颌眉垂线角及身高,比较手术前后差异.结果:19例...     

Application of intraoperative computed tomography in a neurosurgical operating theatre

Background and purposeThe authors describe their own experience in use of intraoperative computed tomography (CT) with the Siemens SOMATOM Sensation in 125 cases.Material and methodsIntraoperative CT of the head was most often used in functional neurosurgery for stereotactic planning in 32 cases and for control of deep brain stimulation electrode placement in 18 cases. In spine surgery, CT was used most often in spine stabilization to control the placement of implants.ResultsThe implant had to be corrected in 7 cases (17% of 41 procedures), and in those cases the need for a revision procedure was therefore avoided. Intraoperative CT was also widely used in emergency procedures and perioperative complications in 13 cases, for control of intraventricular catheter or Rickham port placement in 8 cases, for evaluation of extent of tumour resection in 4 cases, for verification of electrode placement during percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy in 3 cases, for evaluation of decompression after cervical corpectomy and thoracic discopathy in 3 cases, in complex fractures in 2 cases and as angio-CT after aneurysm clipping in 1 case. There was no significant prolongation of procedure duration. Intraoperative CT proved to be safe for a patient and for personnel. During the three-year evaluation period, the increasing use and indications for intraoperative CT were noted. Integration of CT with navigation is planned in the near future.ConclusionsIntraoperative CT is a very useful tool in spine surgery as well as in functional neurosurgery and neurooncology.     

颈椎弓根钉技术在下颈椎骨折中的临床应用

目的探讨颈椎弓根钉内固定技术在下颈椎骨折中的临床应用方法及效果。方法对24例下颈椎骨折患者,通过术前X线、CT及三维重建检查了解椎弓根的直径、走行方向,并确定进钉点。术中凭手感及C臂斜位透视逐步扩孔,扩孔过程中探查骨孔四壁,确定为骨性,然后置入螺钉。结果经4～20个月的随访,除1例患者术后2.5个月因高位截瘫并发症死亡,1例A级患者无恢复外,其余22例均有1～3级脊髓功能恢复,无内固定失效者。结论下颈椎椎弓根内固定技术是相对安全、可靠的内固定方法,是下颈椎骨折治疗的较理想方法。     

经颈椎椎弓根内固定行枕颈融合17例报告

目的 介绍一种新的枕颈融合内固定方法。方法 17例患者(齿状突骨折1例，C1、C2肿瘤16例)经颈椎椎弓根内固定行枕颈融合，手术切除肿瘤。结果 17例患者平均随访2年3个月，均固定良好。结论 经颈椎椎弓根内固定行枕颈融合只要术前、术中精确定位，仔细操作，均可获得良好的临床疗效。     

经前后路联合手术治疗L5S1椎体结核

目的 探讨一期经前路病灶清除后路植骨内固定治疗L5S1椎体结核的临床疗效.方法 对40例L5S1椎体结核患者,采用一期经前路病灶清除椎体间植骨加后路椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨融合治疗.结果 所有患者随访6～24个月,35例植骨融合良好,5例融合欠佳;有1例出现尿路感染.结论 一期经前路病灶清除椎体间植骨加后路椎弓根螺钉内固定椎板植骨治疗L5S1椎体结核能在彻底清除病灶的前提下保证脊柱的稳定性,提高植骨块的融合率和缩短患者卧床时间.     

椎弓根螺钉内固定加椎体间植骨融合术治疗下腰椎不稳症

目的评价椎弓根螺钉内固定加椎体间植骨融合术治疗退变性腰椎不稳症的临床疗效。方法对36例退变性腰椎不稳症患者,进行椎弓根螺钉内固定加椎体间植骨融合治疗,并评价临床疗效。结果术后随访6个月～3年,优良率达97%,植骨椎体间骨性融合率100%。结论椎弓根螺钉内固定加椎体间植骨融合可使不稳节段即刻稳定,骨性融合率高,是治疗退变性腰椎不稳症的较好方法。     

后路复位椎间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折脱位的疗效观察

目的观察后路复位固定椎体间植骨融合治疗胸腰段脊骨骨折脱位的临床疗效。方法胸腰椎骨折脱位患者38例随机分为对照组和观察组,每组19例。观察组采用后路复位椎弓根螺钉内固定、椎体间植骨融合治疗,对照组采用前路复位固定术治疗。结果术后随访4—12个月,平均8个月。术后观察组患者前侧方脱位得到基本复位,患者均无脊髓神经损伤加重。Cobb角和椎体前缘高度、神经功能Frankel分级术后均明显改善。植骨面均见骨性融合,无固定物松动、断裂等并发症。对照组患者发生脊柱神经损伤1例,Cobb角、椎体前缘高度、神经功能Frankel分级术前术后比较无显著性差异。结论后路复位固定椎体间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折脱位,在恢复正常脊柱序列后还可获得很好的脊柱融合效果,并且术后并发症少,对Cobb角和相邻正常椎体的比率也有改善作用,可促进术后神经功能的恢复。     

Transpedicular hydroxyapatite grafting with indirect reduction for thoracolumbar burst fractures with neurological deficit: A prospective study

Background:

The major problem after posterior correction and instrumentation in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures is failure to support the anterior spinal column leading to loss of correction of kyphosis and hardware breakage. We conducted a prospective consecutive series to evaluate the outcome of the management of acute thoracolumbar burst fractures by transpedicular hydroxyapatite (HA) grafting following indirect reduction and pedicle screw fixation.

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen consecutive patients who had thoracolumbar burst fractures and associated incomplete neurological deficit were operatively treated within four days of admission. Following indirect reduction and pedicle screw fixation, transpedicular intracorporeal HA grafting to the fractured vertebrae was performed. Mean operative time was 125 min and mean blood loss was 150 ml. Their implants were removed within one year and were prospectively followed for at least two years.

Results:

The neurological function of all 18 patients improved by at least one ASIA grade, with nine (50%) patients demonstrating complete neurological recovery. Sagittal alignment was improved from a mean preoperative kyphosis of 17°to −2°(lordosis) by operation, but was found to have slightly deteriorated to 1° at final followup observation. The CT images demonstrated a mean spinal canal narrowing preoperatively, immediate postoperative and at final followup of 60%, 22% and 11%, respectively. There were no instances of hardware failure. No patient reported severe pain or needed daily dosages of analgesics at the final followup. The two-year postoperative MRI demonstrated an increase of one grade in disc degeneration (n = 17) at the disc above and in 11 patients below the fractured vertebra. At the final followup, flexion-extension radiographs revealed that a median range of motion was 4, 6 and 34 degrees at the cranial segment of the fractured vertebra, caudal segment and L1-S1, respectively. Bone formation by osteoconduction in HA granules was unclear, but final radiographs showed healed fractures.

Conclusions:

Posterior indirect reduction, transpedicular HA grafting and pedicle screw fixation could prevent the development of kyphosis and should lead to reliable neurological improvement in patients with incomplete neurological deficit. This technique does not require fusion to a segment, thereby preserves thoracolumbar motion.     

Treatment of acute thoracolumbar burst fractures with kyphoplasty and short pedicle screw fixation: Transpedicular intracorporeal grafting with calcium phosphate: A prospective study

Background:

In the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, the major problem after posterior correction and transpedicular instrumentation is failure to support the anterior spinal column, leading to loss of correction and instrumentation failure with associated complaints. We conducted this prospective study to evaluate the outcome of the treatment of acute thoracolumbar burst fractures by transpedicular balloon kyphoplasty, grafting with calcium phosphate cement and short pedicle screw fixation plus fusion.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-three consecutive patients of thoracolumbar (T₉ to L₄) burst fracture with or without neurologic deficit with an average age of 43 years, were included in this prospective study. Twenty-one from the 23 patients had single burst fracture while the remaining two patients had a burst fracture and additionally an adjacent A1-type fracture. On admission six (26%) out of 23 patients had neurological deficit (five incomplete, one complete). Bilateral transpedicular balloon kyphoplasty with liquid calcium phosphate to reduce segmental kyphosis and restore vertebral body height and short (three vertebrae) pedicle screw instrumentation with posterolateral fusion was performed. Gardner kyphosis angle, anterior and posterior vertebral body height ratio and spinal canal encroachment were calculated pre- to postoperatively.

Results:

All 23 patients were operated within two days after admission and were followed for at least 12 months after index surgery. Operating time and blood loss averaged 45 min and 60 cc respectively. The five patients with incomplete neurological lesions improved by at least one ASIA grade, while no neurological deterioration was observed in any case. The VAS and SF-36 (Role physical and Bodily pain domains) were significantly improved postoperatively. Overall sagittal alignment was improved from an average preoperative 16° to one degree kyphosis at final followup observation. The anterior vertebral body height ratio improved from 0.6 preoperatively to 0.9 (P<0.001) postoperatively, while posterior vertebral body height improved from 0.95 to 1 (P<0.01). Spinal canal encroachment was reduced from an average 32% preoperatively to 20% postoperatively. Cement leakage was observed in four cases (three anterior to vertebral body and one into the disc without sequalae). In the last CT evaluation, there was a continuity between calcium phosphate and cancellous vertebral body bone. Posterolateral radiological fusion was achieved within six months after index operation. There was no instrumentation failure or measurable loss of sagittal curve and vertebral height correction in any group of patients.

Conclusions:

Balloon kyphoplasty with calcium phosphate cement secured with posterior short fixation in the thoracolumbar spine provided excellent immediate reduction of posttraumatic segmental kyphosis and significant spinal canal clearance and restored vertebral body height in the fracture level.     

后路经椎弓根内固定结合椎体成形术治疗老年人胸腰段脊椎骨折

目的:探讨应用后路椎弓根内固定结合椎体成形术治疗老年人胸腰段脊椎骨折的疗效.方法:采用后路经椎弓根内固定结合椎体成形术治疗17例老年人胸腰段脊椎骨折患者,术后利用影像学检查和VAS评分随访.结果:17例患者均获6～33个月随访,随访期内无内固定松动﹑断裂,患者伤椎前方高度丢失不超过2 mm.结论:后路经椎弓根内固定结合椎体成形术是治疗老年人胸腰椎骨折的一种可行方法.