以肿瘤坏死因子α转基因小鼠为类风湿关节炎模型的研究进展

类风湿关节炎（Rheumatoid Arthritis,RA）是一种慢性自身免疫疾病,肿瘤坏死因子α（Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF-α）过表达在本病的发病过程中起到重要的作用,并介导了多种炎症因子的表达。目前抗TNF药物已广泛应用于RA临床。过表达人TNF-α的转基因小鼠可出现类似RA的病理表现：起病缓慢、发病率高、模型稳定。因此,TNF转基因（TNF-Tg）小鼠模型在RA研究中具有重要的意义,现已广泛应用于RA的诊疗技术和病理机制研究,尤其是淋巴管功能的研究,并取得一系列成果。本文针对该模型小鼠的生理病理特征、研究进展进行综述。     

Assessment of in vitro antiovulatory activities of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and comparison with in vivo reproductive toxicities of medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used therapeutic agents; however, their pharmacological actions raise concerns about potential risks to the reproductive health of aquatic vertebrates. In the present study, a medaka ovulation assay was applied as an in vitro model to evaluate NSAID‐induced antiovulatory activity. We first tested five NSAIDs, including diclofenac sodium (DCF), ketoprofen (KP), salicylic acid (SA), mefenamic acid (MA), and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for their antiovulatory activities toward the follicles isolated from the ovaries of spawning females. Of all the chemicals tested, DCF had the highest antiovulatory activity, with the concentration that caused 50% inhibition (IC50) (101 µM). MA was the second most potent inhibitor following DCF, but KP, SA, or ASA had little inhibitory effect on the ovulation of the follicles. The in vitro antiovulatory activity of five NSAIDs showed good correlation with data published on the inhibitory activity on human COX‐2. Second, we selected DCF and SA as the most and least potent NSAIDs, respectively, and examined the effects on reproduction of intact fish in order to evaluate whether the ovulation assay was a reasonable predictor of potential reproductive effects in fish. Females exposed to DCF showed a concentration‐dependent decrease in the number of spawned eggs and an increment in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), possibly due to an anovulation in the females. In contrast, neither fecundity nor the GSI of females decreased at up to 20 mg/L of SA, at which acute lethality to medaka was induced. In conclusion, the medaka ovulation assay reflected the potency of NSAID‐induced antiovulatory activity and may thus serve as an in vitro model for the prediction of NSAID‐induced reproductive toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1710–1719, 2016.     

Effects of Louisiana crude oil on the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) during a life‐cycle exposure to laboratory oiled sediment

Determining the long‐term effects of crude oil exposure is critical for ascertaining population‐level ecological risks of spill events. A 19‐week complete life‐cycle experiment was conducted with the estuarine sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) exposed to reference (uncontaminated) sediment spiked with laboratory weathered South Louisiana crude (SLC) oil at five concentrations as well as one unspiked sediment control and one seawater (no sediment) control. Newly hatched larvae were exposed to the oiled sediments at measured concentrations of < 1 (sediment control), 50, 103, 193, 347, and 711 mg total polyaromatic hydrocarbons (tPAH)/kg dry sediment. Juveniles were exposed through the reproductively active adult phase at measured concentrations of <1 (sediment control), 52, 109, 199, 358, and 751 mg tPAH/kg sediment. Throughout the exposure, fish were assessed for growth, survival, and reproduction. Resulting F1 embryos were then collected, incubated, and hatched in clean water to determine if parental full life‐cycle exposure to oiled sediment produced trans‐generational effects. Larvae experienced significantly reduced standard length (5–13% reduction) and wet weight (13–35% reduction) at concentrations at and above 50 and 103 mg tPAH/kg sediment, respectively. At 92 and 132 days post hatch (dph), standard length was reduced (7–13% reduction) at 199 and 109 mg tPAH/kg dry sediment, respectively, and wet weight for both time periods was reduced at concentrations at and above 109 mg tPAH/kg dry sediment (21–38% reduction). A significant reduction (51–65%) in F0 fecundity occurred at the two highest test concentrations, but no difference was observed in F1 embryo survival. This study is the first to report the effects of chronic laboratory exposure to oiled sediment, and will assist the development of population models for evaluating risk to benthic spawning fish species exposed to oiled sediments. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1627–1639, 2016.     

人参PgMYB4基因表达载体构建及其对拟南芥的抗旱性分析

目的构建人参Pg MYB4基因表达载体,并研究该基因对拟南芥的抗旱功能。方法采用RT-PCR技术克隆人参Pg MYB4基因,构建表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的花序浸蘸法将其转化到拟南芥中,获得转基因拟南芥,以野生型拟南芥作对照,检测植株与抗旱相关的生理指标。结果获得的人参Pg MYB4基因全长为735 bp,编码245个氨基酸,预测其相对分子质量为27 914;在干旱胁迫条件下,转基因拟南芥的生长状态明显优于野生型拟南芥,与野生型相比,转基因拟南芥叶片相对叶绿素量降低幅度小、脯氨酸量显著升高、水丢失率较低。结论人参Pg MYB4基因具有抗干旱胁迫的能力。     

Toxicity of organic selenium (Selemax) and its effects on haematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological changes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758)

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of organic selenium (Selemax) on Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The effect was determined on basis of acute toxicity, haematological, biochemical profile and histopathology. A static toxicity test was performed for the determination of 96?h median lethal concentration. The 96hLC50 value of Selemax was 0.54?mg/L. For investigation of chronic toxicity, the experimental group exposed to Selemax in concentration 0.054?mg/L (10% 96hLC50) during 28 days showed significant changes in haematological and biochemical profile and caused histopathological changes in liver, and kidney. According to those data, it was possible to classify organic selenium as highly toxic for carp. The alterations of these parameters can be used as suitable biomarkers in monitoring of organic selenium in the aquatic environment.     

The cosmetic treatment of wrinkles

Wrinkles now have a greater social impact because people live longer. Science and hedonism overlap in the search for causes, treatments and prevention of wrinkles. The cosmetic approach to wrinkles includes: i Cleansing ii Photoprotection iii Active ingredients Active ingredients go well beyond simple moisturisers and exert a more complex activity in protecting skin from external injuries, nourishing it and removing its superficial layers. Transport systems and excipients are increasingly effective. Functional agents currently include alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), poly-AHAs, complex poly-AHAs, retinoids, fish polysaccharides, anti-enzymatic agents, antioxidants (including ascorbic acid, pycnogenol, ursolic acid, vegetable isoflavones, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, lipoic acid, resveratorol, l-carnosine and taurine) as well as agaricic acid and various plant extracts. All are reviewed in this text. Most are topical, some can be given by mouth, even as food supplements. Cosmetics are becoming closer to drugs in preventing and treating wrinkles. Included amongst the cosmeceuticals are the anti-wrinkle agents described herein.     

20例鱼刺伤肉芽肿临床、病理及分子生物学检测分析

目的:分析鱼刺伤肉芽肿患者的临床特点、病理及分子生物学检测情况。方法:对我院门诊确诊的20例鱼刺伤肉芽肿患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:20例患者中16例(80%)患者发病前有外伤史且与水产品或水有接触,4例(20%)无明显诱因;所有患者皮损发生于上肢,17例患者单侧发病,3例双侧发病;临床表现以原发皮疹、浅表破溃或多发结节为主。20例患者病理组织检查者均提示感染性肉芽肿;TB-IGRA阳性率为70%。17例(85%)患者于治疗后6个月内痊愈,1例治疗10个月后痊愈,2例正在随访中。结论:本文中患者海分枝杆菌感染多与日常接触水产品有关;临床以单侧发病为主;TB-IGRA阳性检出率高。     

鱼油对胃肠肿瘤病人术后炎性反应及临床预后的影响

目的:探讨鱼油对胃肠肿瘤病人术后炎性反应及临床预后的影响。方法:64例胃肠道肿瘤病人随机分为对照组(32例)和观察组(32例),两组病人均给予PN治疗104.6kJ·kg-1·d-1,观察组加用鱼油。于病人术后d1、d3、d6分别检测中性粒细胞计数(NGC)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、血清白介素-1β(IL-1β)、血清白介素-6(IL-6)、血清白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-ɑ(TNF-ɑ)的变化。统计两组病人全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)、术后感染发生率、其他术后并发症发生率、死亡率的变化。结果:术后两组血清IL-1β、CRP、NGC的含量明显变化,观察组指标明显低于对照组(P0.05),观察组SIRS明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:鱼油有利于改善胃肠肿瘤病人术后的炎性反应及临床预后。