领导-成员交换关系在变革型领导与护理差错管理氛围间的中介作用

目的 探讨领导-成员交换关系(LMX)在变革型领导与差错管理氛围间的中介作用,为临床护理管理提供参考。方法 采用 便利抽样方法抽取唐山市4所三级甲等医院的临床护士877人,应用一般资料调查问卷、变革型领导量表、领导-成员交换关系量 表和差错管理氛围量表进行调查。结果 变革型领导总分为94.57±16.68,LMX 总分为56.02±11.67,差错管理氛围总分为 60.94±12.15。变革型领导与差错管理氛围、LMX呈正相关,LMX与差错管理氛围呈正相关(均 P<0.01);变革型领导对差错 管理氛围的间接效应成立,间接效应为0.134;变革型领导作用于差错管理氛围的效应有25.52%是通过 LMX 起作用。结论 变 革型领导能够增强护士长与护士之间的领导-成员交换关系,进而改善差错管理氛围。     

基于适应性领导理论的自我管理干预对妊娠糖尿病患者的影响

目的探讨基于适应性领导理论的自我管理干预方案在门诊妊娠糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法将89例门诊妊娠期糖尿病患者按入院顺序分为观察组44例和对照组45例。对照组给予常规门诊随访管理,观察组在此基础上实施基于适应性领导理论的自我管理干预方案,结合线上、线下干预引导患者及家属应对疾病管理中的技术性挑战和适应性挑战。结果干预后,观察组妊娠糖尿病自我管理能力总分及各维度得分显著高于对照组(均P0.01),妊娠相关焦虑总分及各维度得分显著低于对照组(均P0.01);观察组血糖及体质量增长达标情况显著优于对照组(均P0.05),但两组母婴妊娠结局差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论应用基于适应性领导理论的干预方案有利于提高门诊妊娠糖尿病患者的自我管理能力,改善患者妊娠相关焦虑,促进患者血糖控制及体质量管理。     

Nursing shaping and influencing health and social care policy

Aim  This paper seeks to consider how nursing as a profession in the United Kingdom is developing its role in shaping and influencing policy using lessons learnt from a policy study tour undertaken in the United States of America and extensive experience as a senior nurse within the government, the health service and more recently within a Professional Organization.
Background  The nursing profession faces major changes in health and health care and nurses need to be visible in the public debate about future models of health and health care.
Methods  This paper critically reviews recent UK and USA literature and policy with relevance to nursing.
Results  Strategies that support nurses and nursing to influence policy are in place but more needs to be done to address all levels of nursing in order to find creative solutions that promote and increase the participation of nurses in the political process and health policy. There are lessons to be learnt in the UK from the US nursing experience. These need to be considered in the context of the UK and devolution.
Conclusions  Although much has been achieved in positioning nurses and nursing as an influencer in the arena of policy and political decision-making, there is a need for greater co-ordination of action to ensure that nursing is actively supported in influencing and shaping health and health care policy.
Implications for Nursing Management  All leaders and other stakeholders require to play their part in considering how the actions set out in this article can be taken forward and how gaps such as education, fellowship experience and media engagement can be addressed in the future.     

Multiple Opportunities for Creating Sanctuary

This article describes the experience of five change agents from a diverse group of settings: two residential treatment programs for children and adolescents, a group home for disturbed adolescents, a residential substance abuse program for urban women, and an acute care psychiatric inpatient unit. What all of these innovators share is a willingness to engage in the challenging and complex process of changing their systems to better address the needs of the traumatized children, adolescents, and adults who populate their various programs. Using the Sanctuary Model as originally applied to a specialty inpatient psychiatric program for adult survivors of childhood abuse as their guide, the leaders of each of these organizations discuss the process of change that they are directing.     

Leading the development of nursing within a Nursing Development Unit: the perspectives of leadership by the team leader and a professor of nursing

Leadership within nursing is receiving unprecedented focus and development. This reflective narrative explores the nature of leadership, termed scholarly leadership, by an academic and a clinical leader of a Nursing Development Unit. The narrative explores the characteristics of such leadership and highlights how it empowered a nursing team to further reach its potential. Two areas, patient-centered care and the characteristics of practice, are focused upon to highlight the leadership style that the clinical leader adopted. The paper concludes by suggesting what structural and systems changes need to be put in place in order to bring about change.     

“Not an afterthought”: Power imbalances in systemic partnerships between health service providers and consumers in a hospital setting

Contemporary health policies require consumers be involved at all stages of health service planning, implementation, delivery, and evaluation. The extent to which this policy is met, however, varies widely across the sector. One barrier to meeting policy requirements is power imbalances within systemic partnerships between consumers and other health professionals. Between September 2016 and February 2017, interviews were conducted with health care managers, clinicians, and consumers working on partnerships across various health service departments in one hospital. An exploratory, qualitative approach was used. Data were analysed using principles of discursive psychology, which focuses on the way power is constructed through participants' accounts of partnerships. The findings suggest providers have significant power over consumers in partnerships at the systematic level of health services. Managers were responsible for setting the parameters for partnerships, and consumers were seen more as a resource to be used by health services rather than as equal partners to work with. The findings suggest that although contemporary health policies require partnership with consumers, better guidelines are needed to specifically address and challenge power imbalances within these partnerships.     

The Relationship between Organizational Leadership for Safety and Learning from Patient Safety Events

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between organizational leadership for patient safety and five types of learning from patient safety events (PSEs).ConclusionsWe find support for the relationship between patient safety leadership and patient safety behaviors such as learning from safety events. Formal leadership support for safety is of particular importance in small organizations where the economic burden of safety programs is disproportionately large and formal leadership is closer to the front lines.     

From context to contexting: professional identity un/doing in a medical leadership development programme

Physicians are known for safeguarding their professional identities against organisational influences. However, this study shows how a medical leadership programme enables the reconstruction of professional identities that work with rather than against organisational and institutional contexts to improve quality and efficiency of care. Based on an ethnographic study, the results illustrate how physicians initially construct conflicting leadership narratives – heroic (pioneer), clinical (patient's guardian) and collaborative (linking pin) leader – in reaction to changing organisational and clinical demands. Each narrative contains a particular relational-agentic view of physicians regarding the contexts of hospitals: respectively as individually shapeable; disconnected or collectively adjustable. Interactions between teachers, participants, group discussions and in-hospital experiences led to the gradual deconstruction of the heroic –and clinical leader narrative. Collaborative leadership emerged as the desirable new professional identity. We contribute to the professional identity literature by illustrating how physicians make a gradual transition from viewing organisational and institutional contexts as pre-given to contexting, that is, continuously adjusting the context with others. When engaged in contexting, physicians increasingly consider managers and directors as necessary partners and colleague-physicians who do not wish to change as the new ‘anti-identity’.     

Fostering the healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Shared leadership,social capital,and contagion among health professionals

Health professionals managing patients with COVID-19 disease are at high risk of contagion. All medical personnel involved in caring for patients need coordination, knowledge and trust. Empirical work on human resources has tended to focus on the effects of human resource practices on performance, whereas leadership and social interactions have been overlooked. Based upon interviews with medical staff working in specialised medical units, this study uses the social capital theory to examine relationships among shared leadership, social capital, and contagion rates. First, shared leadership was found to positively affect COVID-19 contagion among health professionals. Second, by sharing information and a common language, and showing high levels of trust, namely social capital, medical units seem to reduce contagion rates of COVID-19. In other words, shared leadership plays a fundamental role in improving performance in healthcare by means of social capital.     

Perspectives on phronesis in professional nursing practice

The concept of phronesis is venerable and is experiencing a resurgence in contemporary discourses on professional life. Aristotle’s notion of phronesis involves reasoning and action based on ethical ideals oriented towards the human good. For Aristotle, humans possess the desire to do what is best for human flourishing, and to do so according to the application of virtues. Within health care, the pervasiveness of economic agendas, technological approaches and managerialism create conditions in which human relationships and moral reasoning are becoming increasingly de‐valued. This creates a tension for nurses, and nursing leaders, as the desire to do what is morally right is often in conflict with contextual demands. In this paper, Aristotle’s writing on phronesis is examined with a focus on his classic conceptions of eudaimonia, the virtues, deliberation, judgement, and praxis. Building on Aristotle’s work, a number of contemporary views are explored with a focus on what various conceptualizations offer for the discipline of nursing. These expanded conceptions of phronesis include attention to: embodiment in practice; open‐mindedness including the capacity to stay curious and open to recognizing what we do not know; perceptiveness as a disposition towards insight and aesthetic understanding; and reflexivity as an ongoing process of interrogation and inquiry into ourselves and our actions. Drawing on these concepts, we discuss the affordances of phronesis as a morally informed guiding force to attend to modern‐day challenges in nursing practice and nursing leadership.