经食管超声心动图在微创心脏外科直视手术中的应用

目的 探讨经食管超声心动图(TEE)在微创心脏外科直视手术(MIDCS)中的应用价值。方法 回顾性研究。纳入淮北矿工总医院2018年7月-2019年11月接受MIDCS的患者20例,其中男8例、女12例,年龄(57.5±10.2)岁。术前诊断:先天性心脏病6例,瓣膜病13例,左心房黏液瘤1例。20例患者术前均常规行经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查,术中均采用TEE监测。麻醉诱导后TEE检查修正诊断,指导建立体外循环,开放升主动脉前指导心腔排气;术中,于病变处理完成后即时TEE监测心内血流、瓣膜及心功能情况;于手术操作完成、心脏复跳后,应用TEE评价手术疗效,以无残余分流、瓣周漏、瓣膜关闭不全及左心室射血分数(LVEF)>50%为治愈。结果 经术中引导,20例患者均准确置于引流管、排空心脏。经TEE检查修正诊断5例:1例下腔型房间隔缺损术中发现另有一小的房间隔缺损,术中一并予以修补;1例房间隔缺损者房水平仅有微量分流,无需处理;2例三尖瓣关闭不全患者合并三尖瓣前叶裂,均行瓣叶修复后再予三尖瓣成形术;另1例则排除了左心房血栓。病变处理完成后,因术中TEE即时评估疗效不满意而更改手术方式2例:1例三尖瓣成形术后瓣膜关闭不满意者改行三尖瓣置换术,1例室间隔修补术后残余分流者改行胸骨正中切口继续修补。另有2例术毕即时通过TEE发现低心排血综合征,行主动脉内球囊反搏术。全组未见食管损伤和相关并发症,无手术死亡病例。术后均无残余分流、瓣周漏及少量以上反流,黏液瘤完全切除;术后患者症状明显缓解,LVEF为54%~69%(61.40%±3.65%),与术前[44%~67%(58.70%±5.19%)]比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.896, P<0.05)。本组患者治愈率100%。结论 术中TEE监测应用于MIDCS中,在补充修正诊断、引导体外循环建立、手术操作完成后监测心内排气、评价手术疗效等方面具有明显优势,为微创心脏外科直视手术的成功提供重要保障。     

Left circumflex coronary artery to left atrial fistula in a patient with mitral stenosis: Invasive and noninvasive findings with pathophysiologic correlation

We report a case of an angiographically documented fistula between the circumflex coronary artery and a left atrial appendage thrombus in a patient with mitral stenosis, flow from which can be demonstrated solely by a color doppler transesophageal echocardiogram. Evaluation of catheter derived hemodynamics and angiographic flow patterns reveals a heretofore undescribed physiologic property of coronary to atrial shunts in patients with mitral stenosis. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Vegetation biopsy using transesophageal echocardiography guidance: A technique to aid in diagnosis of culture-negative endocarditis

A method of obtaining a vegetation sample in a culture-negative endocarditis is described. A combination of fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography was utilized to obtain the sample. The results positively influenced the diagnosis and treatment in this 16-yr-old male with complex congenital heart disease. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.