经剑突下入路和经肋间入路单孔胸腔镜肺大疱切除术的临床疗效对比

目的比较经剑突下入路和经肋间入路单孔胸腔镜肺大疱切除术的临床效果。方法纳入100例行单孔胸腔镜手术的自发性气胸合并肺大疱患者进行研究,按随机数字表法将患者分为剑突组(经剑突下入路)和肋间组(经肋间入路),每组50例。比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、引流管留置时间、引流量、住院时间以及术后并发症发生情况;比较2组患者术后1、2、3 d视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和镇痛药物使用时间;比较2组患者术前1 d及术后1、3、5 d血清肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)和肌红蛋白(Mb)水平。结果2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、引流管留置时间及引流量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);剑突组住院时间短于肋间组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者术后并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。剑突组术后1、2、3 d VAS评分均低于肋间组,镇痛药物使用时间短于肋间组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。剑突组术后1、3、5 d血清CPK、Mb水平均低于肋间组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经剑突下入路单孔胸腔镜肺大疱切除术可减轻患者术后疼痛与机体损伤,缩短术后住院时间,加速术后康复,较经肋间入路更具优势。     

Significant reduction of postoperative pain and opioid analgesics requirement with an Enhanced Recovery After Thoracic Surgery protocol

ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in postoperative pain control and opioids requirement in thoracic surgical patients following implementation of an Enhanced Recovery after Thoracic Surgery protocol with a comprehensive postoperative pain management strategy.Material and MethodsA retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing pulmonary resections by robotic thoracoscopy or thoracotomy from January 1, 2017, to January 31, 2019, was conducted. Multimodal pain management strategy (opioid-sparing analgesics, infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine to intercostal spaces and surgical sites, and elimination of thoracic epidural analgesia use in thoracotomy patients) was implemented as part of Enhanced Recovery after Thoracic Surgery on February 1, 2018. Outcome metrics including patient-reported pain levels, in-hospital and postdischarge opioids use, postoperative complications, and length of stay were compared before and after protocol implementation.ResultsIn total, 310 robotic thoracoscopy and 62 thoracotomy patients met the inclusion criteria. This pain management strategy was associated with significant reduction of postoperative pain in both groups with an overall reduction of postoperative opioids requirement. Median in-hospital opioids use (morphine milligram equivalent per day) was reduced from 30 to 18.36 (P = .009) for the robotic thoracoscopy group and slightly increased from 15.48 to 21.0 (P = .27) in the thoracotomy group. More importantly, median postdischarge opioids prescribed (total morphine milligram equivalent) was significantly reduced from 480.0 to 150.0 (P < .001) and 887.5 to 150.0 (P < .001) for the thoracoscopy and thoracotomy groups, respectively. Similar short-term perioperative outcomes were observed in both groups before and following protocol implementation.ConclusionsImplementation of Enhanced Recovery after Thoracic Surgery allows safe elimination of epidural use, better pain control, and less postoperative opioids use, especially a drastic reduction of postdischarge opioid need, without adversely affecting outcomes.     

Survival After Thoracoscopic Surgery or Open Lobectomy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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不同时间暂停呼吸对胸腔镜手术单肺通气时肺萎陷的影响

目的:探讨不同时间暂停呼吸对胸腔镜手术（video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, VATS）单肺通气（one-lung ventilation, OLV）时肺萎陷的影响。方法:择期全身麻醉下行胸腔镜下肺病损切除术患者60例,年龄18~65岁,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,一秒用力呼气容积（for...     

单孔与三孔剑突下胸腔镜全胸腺切除术的回顾性队列研究

目的比较单孔与三孔剑突下胸腔镜(subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,XVATS)全胸腺切除术的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年5月在徐州市中心医院连续开展的60例XVATS全胸腺切除术患者的临床资料,其中男29例、女31例,年龄53.1(27.0~76.0)岁。依据手术方式不同分为单孔XVATS组(30例)与三孔XVATS组(30例)。比较两组临床效果。结果两组患者年龄、性别、体重指数、肿瘤长径、术中出血量、术后胸腔引流管留置时间、胸腔引流量与术后住院时间等差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。全组无围手术期死亡、中转开胸、血栓或纵隔感染病例。单孔XVATS组患者手术时间显著长于三孔XVATS组,差异有统计学意义[(87.5±19.0)min vs.(75.8±15.7)min,P=0.012];此外,单孔组术后3~14 d疼痛评分显著低于三孔XVATS组(P=0.001)。结论单孔XVATS全胸腺切除术是可行的,患者术后疼痛较三孔组患者轻,但开展初期手术时间较长。     

O ultrassom substituirá o estetoscópio?: relato de caso sobre ventilação monopulmonar neonatal

Background and objectivesOne‐lung ventilation and selective intubation in neonates can be challenging due to intrinsic physiological specificities and material available. Ultrasound (US) is being increasingly used in many extents of anaesthesiology including confirmation of endotracheal tube position.Case reportWe present a case report of a neonate proposed for pulmonary lobectomy by thoracoscopy in which lung exclusion was confirmed by ultrasound.ConclusionUS is a rapid, more sensitive and specific method than auscultation to evaluate tracheal intubation and lung exclusion.     

Surgical approach in thymectomy: Our experience and review of the literature

AimThymectomy is the main treatment for thymoma and patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). The traditional approach is through a median sternotomy, but, recently, thymectomy through minimally invasive approaches is increasingly performed. Our purpose is an analysis and discussion of the clinical presentation, the diagnostic procedures and the surgical technique. We also consider post-operative complications and results, over a period of 5 years (May 2011–June 2016), in thymic masses admitted in our Thoracic Surgery Unit.MethodsWe analyzed 8 patients who underwent surgical treatment for thymic masses over a period of 5 years. 6 patients (75%) had thymoma, 2 patients (25%) had thymic carcinomas. 2 patients with thymoma (33%) had myasthenia gravis. We performed a complete surgical resection with median sternotomy as standard approach.ResultsOne patient (12%) died in the postoperative period. The histological study revealed 6 (75%) thymoma and 2 (25%) thymic carcinomas. Post-operative morbidity occurred in 2 patients (25%) and were: pneumonia in 1 case (12%), atrial fibrillation and pleural effusion in 2 patients (25%). One patient with thymoma type A recurred at skeletal muscle 2-years after surgery.ConclusionsThymic malignancies are rare tumors. Surgical resection is the main treatment, but a multimodal approach is useful for many patients. Radical thymectomy is completed removing all the soft tissue in the anterior mediastinum between the two phrenic nerves and this is the most important factor in controlling myasthenia and influencing survival in patients with thymoma. Open (median sternotomy) approach has been the standard approach for thymectomy for the better visualization of the anatomical structures. Actually, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) thymectomy and robotic video-assisted thoracoscopic (R-VATS) approach versus open surgery has an equal if not superior oncological efficacy, better perioperative complications and survival outcomes.     

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Mimicking Mediastinal Tumor in a Patient with Hereditary Spherocytosis: Case report

IntroductionExtramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a rare disorder, defined as the appearance of hematopoietic elements outside the bone marrow or peripheral blood. The exact mechanism of this development is still unknown. We herein report a case of intrathoracic EMH, manifesting as a posterior mediastinal tumor in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis.Presentation of caseA 45-year-old man who presented with anemia, jaundice and abdominal pain was diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis. A 2.6 cm homogeneous right paravertebral (at the level of T8) round mass of soft tissue density was discovered incidentally on computed tomography. We performed a complete excision of mass lesion by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) to confirm the diagnosis. It appeared to be well encapsulated and contained bloody, fragile material. A pathological result disclosed a normal diffuse hematopoiesis consisting of megakaryocytes, immature granulocytic and myeloid precursor cells, and finally confirmed a diagnosis of EMH. Furthermore, laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecystectomy surgery was accomplished uneventfully as well.DiscussionIt was very significant to differentiate posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumor from EMH, as it can be clinically confused with other tumors of the mediastinum. Radiological examination has limitations, so definite diagnostic confirmation by surgical approach should be considered.ConclusionWe successfully performed a complete removal of intrathoracic mediastinal mass and confirmed a diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) which is mimicking mediastinal neoplasm.     

电视胸腔镜手术在纵隔肿瘤切除中的应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术在纵隔肿瘤切除中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性比较我院2007年11月～2011年8月20例电视胸腔镜手术（video—assistedthoracoscopicsurgery,VATS）和20例标准开胸手术（标准开胸组）行纵隔肿瘤切除的开胸时间、开胸出血量、实际手术时间、关胸时间、总手术时间、术后引流量、带管时间、术后住院时间、术后肩关节活动障碍、术后肺部并发症以及术后随访。结果VATS组1例胸腔粘连较重,行胸腔镜辅助小切口手术（video—assistedminithoracomoty,VAMT）。与开胸组相比,VATS组开胸时间短[（12．1±2．0）rainVS．（18．1±2．4）rain,t=-8．589,P=0．000],关胸时间短[（11．4±1．7）min vs．（21．4±2．7）min,t=-14．017,P=0．000],开胸出血量少[（13．2±4．3）mlVS．（25．2±11．4）ml,t=-4．405,P=0．000],术后引流量少[（355．6±110．8）ml VS．（655．6±135．8）ml,t=-7．655,P=0．000],带管时间短[（3．2±0．5）dVS．（4．5±1．1）d,t=-4．812,P=0．000]。2组术后肩关节功能障碍发生率无统计学差异[5％（1／20）VS．25％（5／20）,P=0．182]。40例随访8～12个月,均无肿瘤复发。结论VATS对大多数纵隔良性肿瘤,特别是大部分囊性病变及后纵隔神经源性肿瘤的切除较开胸手术具有明显优势。     

连续231例全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌近、远期疗效分析

目的 探讨全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的安全性、可靠性及近、远期疗效。 方法回顾性分析自2006年6月至2011年3月南京医科大学第一附属医院231例非小细胞肺癌采用全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗的临床资料,其中男132例,女99例;年龄15～81 （59.51±11.90） 岁。Ⅰa期149例、Ⅰb期50例、Ⅱa期14例、Ⅱb期13例、Ⅲa期5例。腺癌152例、鳞癌41例、细支气管肺泡细胞癌23例、腺鳞癌5例、大细胞癌4例、其它癌6例。对随访结果进行统计分析,分析近、远期的生存率。 结果 无围术期死亡。手术时间60～370 （199.14±51.04） min,出血量10～2 300 （168.19±176.39） ml。围术期发生并发症37例,包括肺漏气、肺部感染、肺不张、心律失常、皮下气肿等,上述并发症均经保守治疗后治愈或好转。清扫淋巴结 （11.14±5.49） 枚,淋巴结站数3.66±1.52。有51例（22.08%）患者术后分期较术前有所提高。术后住院时间3～36 （10.79±5.13） d,术后肺漏气、肺部感染、术前合并慢性肺部疾病（慢性支气管炎、哮喘等）及中度至重度肺功能障碍是延长患者住院时间的主要因素。随访228例患者,平均随访时间40.83 （22～82） 个月,3例失访。228例患者各分期5年总生存率：Ⅰ期85.78％、Ⅱ期52.54％、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期32.70％;5年无瘤生存率：Ⅰ期80.00％、Ⅱ期45.37％、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期20.99％。 结论 全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术不仅切口小、创伤小、疼痛轻,而且术后功能恢复快、住院时间短。生存率与国内外相关报道相类似,全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术可完成解剖意义上的肿瘤彻底切除和淋巴结清扫。电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术必将成为肺部疾病治疗的标准手术术式之一。