TBL联合CBL教学法在脊柱外科临床教学中的应用

脊柱外科研究生的临床教学是医学院校教学工作的重点和难点,而临床教学方法是脊柱外科临床教学的关键。本文对当前脊柱外科研究生临床教学存在的问题,以及 TBL 教学法和 CBL 教学法联合应用于脊柱外科研究生的临床教学进行探讨。     

下腰椎骨折并发马尾综合征的手术疗效分析

目的:马尾综合征(CES)包括下腰痛、坐骨神经痛、下肢运动感觉功能障碍、会阴区麻木,以及膀胱直肠功能障碍或丧失,CES的一些认识已经明确,但是临床上采取什么样的治疗最恰当存在争议,有关腰椎间盘突出引起的CES,已经积累了大量的病例资料。但是有关下腰椎骨折引起的马尾综合征临床少有报道。方法:从1998年到2006年,收集17例L2—5腰椎骨折并发马尾综合征的病人,其中车祸伤11例,高处坠落伤6例,脊髓圆锥损伤导致的CES的病例除外,记录所有病例的体征、受伤机制、影像资料、受伤时间、手术方法、神经损伤和恢复情况。结果:所有病例随访至少12个月。所有的病人在出现CES48小时之内进行手术减压治疗,其中14个病人恢复效果满意,另外3个病人虽然在伤后24小时内进行了手术治疗,但是效果不好。双下肢无力在4个月内恢复,膀胱和直肠功能在3个月恢复。总的来看,病人恢复效果的好坏与手术时间的早晚无关。结论根据临床研究,下腰椎骨折引起的CES恢复效果与受伤时马尾损伤的程度密切相关,虽然对于手术的时机存在争议,但是本研究建议在出现CES48小时内施行手术治疗。     

多级图像对比增益(MUSICA)在全脊柱摄影后处理中的应用探讨

目的：探讨用计算机摄影（Computer radiography）进行全脊柱摄影时，运用多级图像对比增益（MUSICA）软件后处理技术的临床价值。方法：应用全脊柱专用暗盒架（2～3个IP板）一次曝光，分别逐个采集IP板信息至图像后处理工作站。经全脊柱模式对所选多幅图像执行自动化图像拼合，生成一幅完整全脊柱片。结果：2500例全脊柱图像明显得到优化。结论：多级图像对比增益（MUSICA）的应用，为临床科医生测量脊柱（COBB角）的精确度、制定术前方案、术后疗效提供了更多的信息资料。     

A case report on a child with fracture and dislocation of the upper cervical spine accompanied by spinal cord injury

Rationale:This study describes an 8-year-old boy with a C2 fracture and dislocation with a left C2–C3 articular process interlocking and spinal cord injury who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using the posterior cervical approach and achieved satisfactory results.Patient concerns:An 8-year-old boy underwent an emergency transfer from a previous hospital after a car accident.Diagnoses:Axial fracture and dislocation with spinal cord injury (American Spinal Injury Association grade C), traumatic shock, brain contusion, intracranial hemorrhage, mandibular fracture, pulmonary contusion and hemorrhage, left vertebral artery stenosis, and multiple fractures throughout the body. Radiological examination revealed a fracture of the lower edge of the C2 vertebral body, fourth-degree anterior spondylolisthesis of the C2 vertebral body, interlocking of the left C2–C3 articular processes, widening of the C2–C3 vertebral space, and occlusion of the V1 and 2 segments of the left vertebral artery.Interventions:The boy was immediately intubated and transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit for rescue treatment. However, the reduction was unsuccessful with 2 weeks of cranial traction. Thus, an open reduction was performed under general anesthesia. One month after the surgery, the boy was discharged from the hospital on foot after rehabilitation treatment.Outcomes:The boy was discharged from the hospital 1 month after surgery. At the 8-month follow-up, a radiological examination showed that the corrected C2 vertebral body fracture and dislocation were satisfactorily reduced, and the spinal cord was adequately decompressed. The internal fixation position was also good, and the spinal sequence had recovered well. In summary, except for the muscle strength of the right upper limb, which was slightly worse, the other clinical symptoms were significantly improved.Lessons:In treating cervical fracture and dislocation with unilateral facet lock, the posterior open reduction of pedicle screw and lateral mass screw internal fixation achieved satisfactory results. Consequently, treating complex cervical spine injuries in children requires an accurate diagnosis and careful treatment strategy.     

Surgical Management of Craniovertebral Junction Schwannomas: A Systematic Review

Background: Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) schwannomas are rare, with surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) being effective yet challenging options. We systematically reviewed the literature on CVJ schwannomas. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web-of-Science, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA statement to include studies reporting CVJ schwannomas. Clinical features, management, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: We collected 353 patients from 101 included articles. Presenting symptoms were mostly neck pain (30.3%) and headache (26.3%), with most cranial neuropathies involving the XII (31.2%) and X (24.4%) nerves. Most tumors originated from C2 (30.9%) and XII (29.4%) nerves, being extracranial (45.1%) and intradural-extradural (44.2%). Erosion of C1–C2 vertebrae (37.1%), the hypoglossal canal (28.3%), and/or jugular foramen (20.1%) were noted. All tumors were operated, preferably with the retrosigmoid approach (36.5%), with the far-lateral approach (29.7%) or with the posterior approach and cervical laminectomy (26.9%), far-lateral approaches (14.2%), or suboccipital craniotomy with concurrent cervical laminectomy (14.2%). Complete tumor resection was obtained most frequently (61.5%). Adjuvant post-surgery stereotactic radiosurgery was delivered in 5.9% patients. Median follow-up was 27 months (range, 12–252). Symptom improvement was noted in 88.1% of cases, and cranial neuropathies showed improvement in 10.2%. Post-surgical complications occurred in 83 patients (23.5%), mostly dysphagia (7.4%), new cranial neuropathies (6.2%), and cerebrospinal fluid leak (5.9%). A total of 16 patients (4.5%) had tumor recurrence and 7 died (2%), with median overall survival of 2.7 months (range, 0.1–252). Conclusions: Microsurgical resection is safe and effective for CVJ schwannomas. Data on SRS efficacy and indications are still lacking, and its role deserves further evaluation.     

多模式神经电生理监测在颈椎前路手术中的应用

目的 探讨多模式神经电生理监测(MIOM)在颈前路手术中的应用价值.方法 53例颈椎前路手术患者采用术中MIOM监测,记录术中各个阶段的报警情况,并采取相应措施,使术中脊髓神经损伤的可能性最小化.分析术中警报按类型、原因、术前诊断以及手术方式之间的关系,通过神经电生理监测结果以及手术前后JOA评分对手术疗效进行分析.结果 与术前基准电位相比较,术毕SEP及MEP波幅均有所提高,而潜伏期均未有明显改变.术后JOA评分较术前有明显改善(P＜0.05).脊髓型颈椎病患者以及行椎体次全切手术者术中监测“严重警报”发生率较高.结论 颈前路手术中多模式神经电生理监测能有效降低术中神经功能损伤,降低手术风险并能作为手术疗效评价以及神经功能恢复情况的客观依据.     

CT检查在外伤性腰椎骨折中的诊断价值

目的:探讨外伤性腰椎骨折中采取CT检查的应用价值与优势.方法:本研究抽取2018年6月至2019年8月本院80例外伤性腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象,随机分组后,对照组采取X线检查,观察组采取CT检查,观察两组患者的诊断准确率、外伤性腰椎骨折评分.结果:X线片的准确率是72.50％(29/40),CT诊断准确率为95.00％...     

Lumbar spine in Marfan syndrome

Lumbar spine radiographs of 28 patients with Marfan syndrome and a gender and age-matched control group were evaluated for scoliosis and morphologic changes of the L2, L3, and L4 vertebrae. No patient or control subject had any serious low back problems. The Marfan patients showed a high incidence of scoliosis (64%). The incidence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra was also high (18%). The end plates of the vertebral bodies in the Marfan patients were more biconcave than in the control group. In addition, the transverse processes were longer in relation to the vertebral body width in the Marfan group than in the controls. These findings indicate that biconcave vertebral bodies can be added to the list of skeletal manifestations of the Marfan syndrome, and Marfan syndrome to the list of differential diagnoses for biconcave vertebrae (codfish vertebrae).     

88例颈椎过伸性损伤手术疗效分析

目的 探讨手术与非手术治疗颈椎过伸性损伤(CWI)的疗效.方法 对88例颈椎过伸性损伤患者进行回顾性分析.其中手术组64例(颈椎前路手术减压术44例,后路减压术20例),非手术组24例.颈椎损伤神经功能恢复按Frankle分级和ASIA评分标准进行评估.结果 随访6～24个月,结果显示,两组神经功能均较治疗前有明显改善,手术组比非手术组神经功能恢复好,两组间差异有统计学意义;前路手术较后路手术神经功能恢复好.结论 手术治疗急性颈椎过伸性损伤疗效较好;而前路减压是过伸性颈椎损伤首选的治疗方法.     

颈椎三维有限元模型的建立及意义

目的 :建立颈椎 (C4～C7)三维有限元模型 ,以期应用于临床实验研究。方法 :根据正常中年女性CT与CT重建片 ,采用CAD数据处理技术 ,输入相关的材料特性 ,构建C4～C7三维有限元模型。模型包括颈C4～C74个椎体、C4 / 5～C6 / 73个椎间盘以及后部结构与主要的 5条韧带。共 2 178个三维固体 2 0节点有限元结构。在1 8Nm作用力下 ,观察节段运动与力 位移反应。对比国内外的实验结果进行检验。结果 :生物力学实验结果与以往实验模型结果基本相符。结论 :所建立的颈椎三节段有限元模型可以模拟颈椎生物力学实验。