经伤椎置钉单节段椎弓根钉治疗胸腰段骨折

目的探讨经伤椎置钉单节段椎弓根钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的适应症及临床疗效。方法 2008年7月至2010年7月,对14例胸腰椎骨折采用后路单节段伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定、经伤椎植骨融合。经过5～29（平均16.8）个月随访,随访内容有术前后VAS疼痛评分、神经功能ASIA评分、术前、术后随访时椎体的高度、伤椎的后凸畸形,内固定物的状况。结果所有患者均得到随访,术后VAS疼痛分级平均0-1分,其中0分8人,1分6人,无需服药治疗。神经功能均恢复至正常;X线检查术后椎体高度恢复满意,术后伤椎高度恢复了96%,随访椎体高度丢失0.4mm,丢失率为1.4%。无内固定物断裂、松动、脱出,所有病例均获得骨性融合,无假关节形成。结论选择好适应证,后路单节段伤椎内固定是治疗胸腰段骨折的有效方法之一。     

中医综合治疗上颈段颈椎病65例疗效观察

目的探讨上颈段颈椎病中医综合治疗的临床疗效。方法从2008年4月至2009年3月,共治疗上颈段颈椎病患者65例,按就诊顺序随机分为三组,手法加牵引组、手法组和西药组分别进行治疗。治疗前、后对患者颈部疼痛、上肢痛麻、头痛头晕、交感神经症状及颈椎活动进行评分,对三组的疗效进行评价。结果手法加牵引组、手法组能显著改善颈部疼痛、上肢痛麻、头痛头晕、交感神经症状以及颈椎活动受限症状,而西药组能显著改善颈部疼痛、头痛头晕、颈椎活动受限症状,而对上肢痛麻、交感神经症状改善不明显。手法加牵引组总有效率87.5%,手法组总有效率78.2%,西药组总有效率72.2%。结论手法结合颈椎牵引治疗上颈段颈椎病,能明显改善颈部疼痛、头痛头晕和颈椎活动障碍,能纠正上肢疼痛麻木以及视力模糊、目胀、耳鸣、多汗、胸闷不适等交感神经症状,是防治颈椎病的有效手段。     

后路减压椎弓根钉固定骨水泥注射椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨采用后路减压,椎弓根钉内固定结合分步骨水泥注射,椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法 2007年1月至2010年4月,我科采用后路减压,椎弓根钉系统内固定结合分步骨水泥注射,椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折28例,其中M cA fee分类,Ⅰ型15例,Ⅱ型10例,Ⅲ型3例,并观察患者术前及术后2周、术后12个月以伤椎为中心的脊柱功能单位的前后缘压缩比,椎管侵占率和Cobb角。结果本组患者全部得到随访,时间12～16个月。患者均于术后2周后下床活动,无断钉、断棒、椎体再压缩等并发症,椎体高度恢复满意,无神经症状加重,术前脊柱功能单位前后缘压缩比、椎管侵占率和Cobb角与术后2周相比有明显差异,而术后2周与术后12个月无明显差异。结论后路减压,椎弓根钉系统内固定结合分步骨水泥注射椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折,能在早期恢复脊柱前后柱的稳定性,避免了单纯后路椎弓根系统内固定断钉、断棒的危险,从而能使患者早期无痛下床活动,临床效果满意。     

Anterior endoscopically assisted transcervical reconstruction of the upper cervical spine

Anterior decompression and/or reconstruction can be an effective method for the surgical treatment of ventral spinal cord compression in the upper cervical spine. Options for traditional surgical approaches include transoral, transnasal, and extraoral. The risk and complex anatomy with the aforementioned approaches induces surgeons to use the transcervical route to expose the upper cervical spine. A traditional transcervical approach, however, carries the disadvantages of a deep operative field and steep trajectory. We performed a new endoscopically assisted method of anterior reconstruction for the treatment of ventral lesions in upper cervical spine. Six patients were treated from January 2005 to December 2007. Among those six patients, three patients were diagnosed with fixed atlantoaxial dislocations, two with plasmacytomas, and one with a giant cell tumor. All patients were treated by combined endoscopically assisted anterior reconstruction and posterior fusion. One patient with a fixed atlantoaxial dislocation sustained a cerebrospinal fluid leak in the immediate postoperative period, which spontaneously resolved 7 days after surgery. None of the patients had any neurologic deterioration following surgery, nor did any require admission to the intensive care unit for any reason. At the final follow-up, all patients were found to have evidence of a successful clinical outcomes and radiographic fusion. There were no implant failures or radiographic signs of implant migration or loosening. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that an anterior transcervical decompression using endoscopic visualization combined with a posterior arthodesis can achieve good clinical and radiographic outcomes.     

Disc degeneration of cervical spine on MRI in patients with lumbar disc herniation: comparison study with asymptomatic volunteers

An association between progression of cervical disc degeneration and that of lumbar disc degeneration has been considered to exist. To date, however, this association has not yet been adequately studied. Age-related changes in the cervical intervertebral discs were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with lumbar disc herniation, and compared with the MRI findings of healthy volunteers without lower back pain. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the prevalence of asymptomatic cervical disc degeneration is higher in patients with lumbar disc herniation than in healthy volunteers. The study was conducted on 51 patients who were diagnosed as having lumbar disc herniation and underwent cervical spine MRI. The patients consisted of 34 males and 17 females ranging in age from 21–83 years (mean 46.9 ± 14.5 years) at the time of the study. The control group was composed of 113 healthy volunteers (70 males and 43 females) aged 24–77 years (mean 48.9 ± 14.7 years), without neck pain or low back pain. The percentage of subjects with degenerative changes in the cervical discs was 98.0% in the lumbar disc herniation group and 88.5% in the control group (p = 0.034). The presence of lumbar disc herniation was associated significantly with decrease in signal intensity of intervertebral disc and posterior disc protrusion in the cervical spine. None of the MRI findings was significantly associated with the gender, smoking, sports activities, or BMI. As compared to healthy volunteers, patients with lumbar disc herniation showed a higher prevalence of decrease in signal intensity of intervertebral disc and posterior disc protrusion on MRI of the cervical spine. The result of this study suggests that disc degeneration appears to be a systemic phenomenon.     

USS钉棒系统内固定结合椎体间植骨融合术治疗退行性腰椎不稳症

目的探讨USS钉棒系统内固定结合椎体间植骨融合术治疗退行性腰椎不稳症的疗效。方法对78例退行性腰椎不稳症患者采用USS钉棒系统内固定结合椎体间植骨融合术治疗。采用Oswestry功能障碍指数与JOA下腰痛评分对患者手术前和术后1年随访期进行评分;摄片观察植骨融合情况并统计术后内固定失败（钉棒松动、折断）的发生率。结果 6例术后出现顽固轻微手术区胀痛。所有患者均得到随访,时间13~36个月。术后3个月患者腰背痛明显缓解,术后半年基本可以恢复正常日常生活。随访期内无钉棒松动、折断发生。术后6~8个月骨性融合。术后1年,Oswestry功能障碍指数较低,JOA下腰痛评分较高,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。腰椎功能改善总有效率达100%。结论 USS钉棒系统内固定结合椎体间植骨融合术治疗退行性腰椎不稳症临床疗效满意。     

前路椎体切除钛网植骨钉棒多节段内固定治疗胸腰段剪力型骨折脱位1例

1病例资料 患者,男,20岁,战士。高处坠落致腰部被杠杆顶压受伤,双下肢感觉障碍、不能活动4 h于2010年6月16日入院。查体：脊柱胸腰段皮下淤血、压痛,腹股沟以下双下肢及会阴部深浅感觉消失,下肢诸肌肌力0级,肛门括约肌反射、球海绵体肌反射、提睾反射消失,跖底反射消失,腱反射消失,病理反射阴性。     

应用腹腔镜行下腰椎手术的解剖学研究

目的 观察研究下腰椎前方、侧方毗邻的血管结构的位置及走行,并测量各节段手术空间的大小,为腹腔镜下行腰椎手术提供安全区的解剖学依据.方法 解剖15例成人尸体标本(男9例,女6例),记录腰椎前方和侧方毗邻的主要血管解剖学参数,并测量出相应的结果.结果 腹主动脉分叉点变异较多,髂总静脉汇合点相对恒定,腹主动脉分叉点、髂总静脉...     

手术治疗6例症状性脊柱血管瘤

目的评价360°全脊柱切除治疗症状性脊柱血管瘤的手术疗效。方法对6例胸椎血管瘤骨外生长压迫脊髓引起神经功能障碍患者,采用360°全脊柱切除、椎体重建植骨融合、后路椎弓根螺钉系统固定治疗。2例术后辅以放射治疗。结果术中失血量1 000~1 500 ml。患者术后神经压迫症状均消失,随访1~4年,未见肿瘤复发,植骨均融合,内固定未见松动、断裂。结论对胸椎椎体血管瘤合并胸脊髓压迫症患者,采用360°全脊柱切除、椎体重建植骨融合、后路椎弓根螺钉系统固定的手术方法,具有可靠、持久的疗效。     

Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment

Age-related changes in the spinal column result in a degenerative cascade known as spondylosis. Genetic, environmental, and occupational influences may play a role. These spondylotic changes may result in direct compressive and ischemic dysfunction of the spinal cord known as cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Both static and dynamic factors contribute to the pathogenesis. CSM may present as subclinical stenosis or may follow a more pernicious and progressive course. Most reports of the natural history of CSM involve periods of quiescent disease with intermittent episodes of neurologic decline. If conservative treatment is chosen for mild CSM, close clinical and radiographic follow-up should be undertaken in addition to precautions for trauma-related neurologic sequelae. Operative treatment remains the standard of care for moderate to severe CSM and is most effective in preventing the progression of disease. Anterior surgery is often beneficial in patients with stenotic disease limited to a few segments or in cases in which correction of a kyphotic deformity is desired. Posterior procedures allow decompression of multiple segments simultaneously provided that adequate posterior drift of the cord is attainable from areas of anterior compression. Distinct risks exist with both anterior and posterior surgery and should be considered in clinical decision-making.