Safety in the Work Place,Coshh and the Veterinary Nurse

Abstract

In small animal first opinion practice we occasionally see patients of the furless and legless variety. Often portrayed as the ‘stuff of nightmares’ our serpent friends have a bad reputation, and, formost, are not at the top of the list of our favourite animals. Unfortunately, the majority of the reptilian patients that grace our surgeries have fallen foul of poor basic husbandry, which is left for us to discover and fix. This article aims to give a basic guide to hospitalising some of the more common reptile species seen in veterinary practice and addresses the essential questions that need to be asked on admission as taking a detailed history of the husbandry is an essential part of the diagnostic process. .     

温敏性高分子材料对药物释放的研究

 目的合成一系列温度敏感性(温敏性)凝胶，测定其低临界溶液温度(相变温度)。筛选出具有与人体体温相近的相变温度的凝胶，并使其可以作为药物的载体。方法采用自由基水溶液聚合的方法合成共聚物，然后用聚合物承载药物并用高效液相色谱法测其不同温度下药物的释放情况。结果温敏性凝胶可以作为自控式或缓释药用辅料，但如果相变温度低于人体体温，则无实际应用意义。采用共聚合的方法，确可提高凝胶的相变温度。不同条件下合成的共聚物有着不同的相变温度，药物释放情况也不同。结论调整不同组成比例及交联剂的浓度，可使此类凝胶作为自控式或缓释药用辅料成为可能。     

联合微创法个性化治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的：探讨联合微创法经皮穿刺臭氧和射频热凝治疗腰椎间盘突出症的方法和效果。方法腰椎间盘突出症50例,均在CT引导下后外侧入路,经皮穿刺针进入椎间盘中后1/3突出物靶点,然后依据个性化耐受程度和椎间盘病变情况,注入臭氧为50μg/mL（10～20 mL）再行髓核射频热凝,设定最高温度为90℃,时间为4个周期。结果该组病例在治疗后1周、3个月及6个月随访,1周内腰腿疼痛生活自理明显改善;3个月疼痛及下肢酸麻以及神经刺激征象均显著改善,甚至该征象消失,无1例并发症。结论联合微创法臭氧髓核化学溶解和射频热凝是治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全有效的一种方法。     

Thermo‐Reversible Hydrogels Based on Poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) Double Hydrophilic Triblock Copolymer

Summary: A novel double hydrophilic poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide)‐poly(acrylic acid)‐poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm‐PAA‐PDEAAm) triblock copolymer was synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization and modification of the poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) middle block by selective hydrolysis and neutralization to its ionic functions. Due to the pH‐sensitivity of the PAA central block and the thermo‐sensitivity of the PDEAAm end‐blocks, it exhibits responsive behavior in aqueous media. At low temperatures and high pH, it is molecularly dissolved while at temperatures above the LCST of the PDEAAm end‐blocks, a sol–gel transition was observed which should be ascribed to the formation of a three‐dimensional transient network comprising PDEAAm hydrophobic physical crosslinks interconnected by PAA negatively charged elastic chains. The sol–gel transition and the rheological properties of the physical gel are strongly influenced by the presence of salt.

Temperature induced sol–gel transition in PDEAAm‐PAA‐PDEAAm aqueous solutions.     

新型自阻燃联苯基二元氰酸酯树脂的合成、表征与性能

首先以4,4-联苯二甲醚(BMBP)和2,6-二甲基苯酚为单体、对甲苯磺酸(PTS)为催化剂,合成了联苯基酚单体(BDBP)。将BDBP进行氰化后,成功制备了一种新型联苯基二元氰酸酯(BDBPCy)。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)和质谱(MS)对酚中间体及氰酸酯单体结构进行了表征。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、动态热机械分析(DMA)等测试手段考察了固化后树脂的热性能、力学性能、介电性能、耐湿热性及阻燃性能。结果表明：BDBPCy树脂结构中引入的联苯结构,使得树脂在固化后具有良好的热稳定性及自阻燃性能,800 °C的质量残留率为42%,玻璃化转变温度为258 °C,UL-94垂直燃烧实验测试结果为V-0级别。同时,结构中的大体积联苯基团和邻位甲基基团进一步提高了树脂的介电性能和耐湿热性能。     

双路温热化疗治疗肺腺癌胸水的临床研究

目的　探索肺腺癌胸水的治疗方法。方法　随机选择肺腺癌胸水患者 48例作治疗组 ,采用双路胸腔温热化疗治疗 ,同时随机选择肺腺癌胸水患者 44例作对照组 ,采用常规胸腔顺铂化疗治疗。结果　治疗组有效率、中位生存期明显高于对照组 ,胃肠道副反应、骨髓抑制治疗组明显低于对照组。结论　双路温热化疗方法简单、安全 ,控制胸水生长效果明显 ,副作用小     

桂枝汤对发热及低体温大鼠下丘脑中腺苷酸环化酶和磷酸二酯酶活性的影响

目的：观察桂枝汤对发热和低体温模型大鼠下丘脑中腺苷酸环化酶（AC）和磷酸二酯酶（PDE）活性的影响。方法：采用放射性同位素方法测定模型动物下丘脑中AC及PDE活性。结果：在酵母诱导发热模型大鼠中，桂枝汤可使下丘脑中AC活性明显降低（P＜0．05）；而在安痛定诱导的低体温模型大鼠中，它可使AC活性明显增强（P＜0．05）。在两种模型中，桂枝汤对PDE活性的影响均不明显。结论：桂枝汤对体温的双向调节作用可能是部分通过影响AC活性来实现的。     

Thermo‐ and pH‐Sensitivities of Thiosemicarbazone‐Incorporated,Fluorescent and Amphiphilic Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)

Summary: Novel hydrophobic comonomer (p‐methacrylamido)acetophenone thiosemicarbazone was synthesized and polymerized with N‐isopropylacrylamide to get a series of amphiphilic copolymers. The self‐aggregation behavior and thermo‐sensitive character of the (co)polymers were confirmed by TEM observation, fluorescence spectra, and cloud point measurement. Fluorescence emission of copolymer was significantly strengthened or switched off at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm upon the addition of acid or base, respectively. Thermo‐sensitivity, pH‐sensitivity, and pharmacologically versatile thiosemicarbazone groups were integrated into these novel fluorescent and amphiphilic copolymers, which will develop the novel applications of amphiphilic copolymer and environment‐responsive materials.

Fluorescence intensity at 393 nm of polymer 2 in water at 18 °C excited at 320 nm upon addition of acid and base.     

Measurement of the elastic modulus of rabbit nasal septal cartilage during Nd:YAG (lambda = 1.32 microm) laser irradiation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to quantitatively measure changes in the elastic moduli of rabbit nasal septal cartilage during laser heating. While the efficacy of laser cartilage reshaping has been established for use in nasal surgery, few studies have investigated the temperature-dependent viscoelastic behavior of cartilage. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cyclic force versus displacement curves were generated during the Nd:YAG laser (lambda = 1.32 microm, 10 second exposure time, 21.22 W/cm2) irradiation of cartilage specimens secured in cantilevered geometry. Samples were irradiated three times with 30 second cooling intervals between each laser exposure. Measurements were recorded before, during, and after laser irradiation, and then following complete rehydration in normal saline (NS) for 1 hour at 25 degrees C. Elastic modulus was calculated assuming linear viscoelastic behavior. RESULTS: The elastic modulus in native tissue decreased during and after successive laser exposures from about 6 to 3.5 MPa. After rehydration, the modulus returned to near-baseline value. Surface temperature reached a maximum of 65 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: The laser irradiation of cartilage using parameters similar to those used in reshaping does not produce significant irreversible changes in the mechanical properties of the tissue. Measurement of the elastic modulus is an effective means of characterizing alterations in cartilage mechanical behavior during and after laser heating.