“供给侧结构性改革”视角下我国中药制造业技术创新效率研究

研究江苏省中药制造业技术创新效率,提高该行业竞争力。运用数据包络分析法(DEA)和Malmquist指数方法,对江苏省2009—2014年中药制造业技术创新效率进行静态的面板数据分析和不同年份的动态分析。江苏省中药制造业技术创新效率整体较高,中成药制造业的技术创新效率高于中药饮片制造业,中成药制造业技术创新的投入和产出在整体运作上相对处于有效状态;6年间,江苏省中药制造业技术创新效率出现了一定幅度负增长(-3.1%),技术创新效率呈现曲折上升趋势;江苏省中药制造业技术创新效率也存在着城市之间的地区差异。通过加大创新资源投入并做到有效利用、优化产业结构及完善有关政策,有效提高江苏省中药制造业的技术创新效率。     

KY3H健康保障服务模式的创新性辨析

大力发展健康服务业受到高度重视,但是健康服务业的发展面临诸多困境。本文通过分析当前困境,提出KY3H健康保障服务模式,并对其6大创新性进行系统分析,即从“疾病为中心”转变为“健康为中心”,从“同质化群体性健康服务”转变为“个性化人本化健康服务”、从“泛健康服务”转变为“个体健康状态的精准化干预”、从“单一健康服务”到“健康文化、健康管理、健康保险三位一体的服务”、从“求医”服务模式转变为“求己”服务模式,以及从“固定式（定时、定点、定方式）服务”转变为“随时随地全时空服务”。该模式在实践中取得初步成效,是破解困境的重要方式。     

生物工程专业学生三维实践教学模式探讨

以生物工程专业为例,根据实践教学内容,将实践教学时间、空间进行合理配置,划分为校内(实验课程、课程设计、科技训练)、校外(教学实习、社会实践)以及科研课题(毕业设计、创新实验、教师科研)3个模块,提出了基于3个模块的三维实践教学平台的构建,并探讨在此基础上进行的分层次实践教学模式对于大学生科研创新能力培养的作用;为实践教学的改革提供一个清晰的思路和可供借鉴的理论研究方法     

中医药科研机构发展现状及对策

从当前中医药科研机构发展现状入手,分析目前存在的问题,并提出解决对策,希望在一定程度上有益于中医药科研事业稳定有序的发展。     

The Return on Investment in Health Care: From 1980 to 2000

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the return on US investment (ROI) in overall health as well as four specific conditions. METHODS: The study utilized three distinct approaches to "triangulate" the evidence as related to ROI in health care: 1) an estimation of the average ROI in additional health-care service expenditures in the United States for the year 2000 compared with the year 1980, based on US summaries of health expenditures and health outcomes; 2) an estimate of the ROI in Medicare services for the period from 1985 to 2000 for treatment of heart attack, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and breast cancer, based on National Long-term Care Survey data and Medicare claims; and 3) an estimate of the ROI for selected major treatment innovations for the same four conditions during the period from 1975 to 2000. RESULTS: We calculated that each additional dollar spent on overall health-care services produced health gains valued at Dollars 1.55 to Dollars 1.94 under our base case assumptions. The return on health gains associated with treatment for heart attack, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and breast cancer were Dollars 1.10, Dollars 1.49, Dollars 1.55, and Dollars 4.80, respectively, for every additional dollar spent by Medicare. The ROI for specific treatment innovations ranged from both savings in treatment costs and gains in health to gains in health valued at Dollars 1.12 to Dollars 38.00 for every additional dollar spent. Conclusion: The value of improved health in the US population in 2000 compared with 1980 significantly outweighs the additional health-care expenditures in 2000 compared with 1980.     

Stimulating debate: ethics in a multidisciplinary functional neurosurgery committee

Multidisciplinary healthcare committees meet regularly to discuss patients' candidacy for emerging functional neurosurgical procedures, such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). Through debate and discussion around the surgical candidacy of particular patients, functional neurosurgery programs begin to mold practice and policy supported both by scientific evidence and clear value choices. These neurosurgical decisions have special considerations not found in non-neurologic committees. The professional time used to resolve these conflicts provides opportunities for the emergence of careful, ethical practices simultaneous with the expansion of therapy applications.     

Work tolerance and the elderly in a post-industrial society

The place of the elderly is reviewed in a society where automation is eliminating the demand for physical work. Physiological and social consequences are examined, drawing upon the experience of populations undergoing particularly rapid cultural change. It is argued that an increase of voluntary physical activity can correct many of the health problems arising in a post-industrial society, increasing both the quality and quantity of a worker's remaining years of life.     

加强“两课”教学实践基地建设的思考

文章分析了"两课"教学存在的问题,加强实践基地建设对"两课"教学的重要意义并对如何加强基地建设使之有效服务于"两课"教学提出建议,加强教学实践基地的建设,使之延伸、深化和发散"两课"教学内容,切实地促进和引导"两课"教学方法的创新.     

The Impact of New Drug Launches on Longevity: Evidence from Longitudinal,Disease-Level Data from 52 Countries, 1982–2001

We perform an econometric analysis of the effect of new drug launches on longevity, using data from the IMS Health Drug Launches database and the WHO Mortality Database. Under conservative assumptions, our estimates imply that the average annual increase in life expectancy of the entire population resulting from new drug launches is about one week, and that the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (new drug expenditure per person per year divided by the increase in life-years per person per year attributable to new drug launches) is about $6750—far lower than most estimates of the value of a statistical life-year.This revised version was published online in March 2005 with corrections to the cover date     

Exporting the Buyers Health Care Action Group purchasing model: lessons from other communities

When first implemented in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, the Buyers Health Care Action Group's (BHCAG) purchasing approach received considerable attention as an employer-managed, consumer-driven health care model embodying many of the principles of managed competition. First BHCAG and, later, a for-profit management company attempted to export this model to other communities. Their efforts were met with resistance from local hospitals and, in many cases, apathy by employers who were expected to be supportive. This experience underscores several difficulties that appear to be inherent in implementing purchasing models based on competing care systems. It also, once again, suggests caution in drawing lessons from community-level experiments in purchasing health care.