个性化手术方案在口腔上颌窦瘘修复中的临床应用

目的探讨个性化手术方案在口腔上颌窦瘘修复中的应用疗效和意义。方法回顾性分析2006年5月~2013年9月我院手术治疗的31例口腔上颌窦瘘患者的临床资料。根据瘘孔的大小及边缘炎症情况、上颌窦内炎症程度选择不同的手术修复方法:对瘘孔直径7 mm的17例患者,采用双层组织瓣重叠修复:用龈粘骨膜瓣翻转缝合封闭瘘孔作为内层衬里,适度降低牙槽嵴后,用游离松解的颊、腭侧粘骨膜瓣覆盖于龈粘骨膜瓣上作为表层间断缝合。对瘘孔直径7~25 mm的9例患者,采用三层组织瓣重叠修复,即在双层组织瓣间夹用带血管蒂颊脂垫组织瓣。对瘘孔直径25 mm以上的5例患者,采用带血管蒂的全腭瓣或额瓣旋转覆盖瘘孔缝合修复。对患侧并发严重上颌窦炎的9例患者采用功能性鼻窦内窥镜术:经中鼻道上颌窦自然开口扩大开放、病灶清除引流术后再修复口腔上颌窦瘘孔。结果术后72 h去除口腔反包扎碘仿油纱后见切口边缘有白色假膜,术后第12 d拆除表层缝线切口无裂开。本组31例患者均获随访,时间1~6个月。采用双层组织瓣重叠修复法的1例小瘘孔患者复发,3个月后再手术行三层组织瓣重叠修复治愈;1例采用带血管蒂额瓣修复瘘孔的患者因皮瓣远端与软腭交界处缝合时有张力致术后缝线局部脱落,经碘仿砂条换药治愈;其余病例均一次性修复治愈。术中结合鼻窦内窥镜术的9例患者上颌窦炎均治愈。结论口腔上颌窦瘘的临床治疗应根据患者的不同病情选用相应的手术修复方法,可提高临床一次性治愈率。     

痔上黏膜螺旋套扎吻合术治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期痔疗效分析

目的探讨痔上黏膜螺旋套扎吻合术(改良RPH)治疗Ⅲ~Ⅳ期痔的疗效及并发症。方法将116例中重度痔患者按治疗方式不同随机分为两组:改良RPH组治疗56例,传统外剥内扎术组治疗60例。观察两组患者术后治疗效果、并发症。结果术后随访半年,改良RPH术后回缩不全1例(1.7%),传统外剥内扎术组术后回缩不全5例(8.3%)。改良RPH组患者术后无肛门狭窄,传统外剥内扎术组肛门狭窄6例。两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良RPH治疗中重度痔,疗效满意,而且操作简单,创伤小,患者痛苦小,恢复快,值得临床推广。     

耳内镜下外耳道“锁孔”技术处理累及乳突的中耳胆脂瘤的初步实践

目的本文旨在探索耳内镜手术中的“锁孔”技术在中耳胆脂瘤手术中的临床应用价值。方法2017年1月至2018年12月间收治的65名单侧中耳胆脂瘤患者,27例患者术前的颞骨CT提示低密度影及骨质破坏局限于上鼓室,鼓窦和乳突区域未见异常;38例患者术前的颞骨CT显示上鼓室内形成的低密度影像,存在骨质破坏,而鼓窦及乳突内也存在类似的低密度影像,难以确定病变是否累及乳突腔。术中耳内镜下经耳道“锁孔”技术早期探查上鼓室、鼓窦和后方的乳突腔内的空间,确定胆脂瘤范围,修正手术方案、优化手术策略。结果术前通过颞骨薄层CT显示的胆脂瘤仅局限于上鼓室的27例患者中,其中17例患者的影像学病变范围与“锁孔”技术探查结果吻合;另外10例病变累及鼓窦及乳突。术前38例患者的影像学显示上鼓室胆脂瘤可能累及鼓窦和乳突,术中通过“锁孔”技术验证,29例为上鼓室胆脂瘤侵及乳突;9例为堵塞形成的黏膜增厚及肉芽组织等非胆脂瘤病变。患者术后随访时间均超过了2年,随访方式为耳内镜及颞骨CT,8例患者的鼓窦及乳突区存在可疑软组织影,进行了便捷的内镜下“锁孔”的探查,鼓窦及乳突区未见胆脂瘤复发,软组织影为增厚黏膜及肉芽。结论在耳内镜下经外耳道径路,可结合持续灌流模式,在耳道后上壁快速开放直径4-6mm的骨窗,通过“锁孔”可以早期明确和判断中耳胆脂瘤累及乳突、鼓窦、上鼓室的病变范围,有利于修正手术方式,减少不必要的骨质磨除,更利于微创的实现和便于手术中耳道重建。     

Drastic Therapy for Listerial Brain Abscess Involving Combined Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Antimicrobial Agents

Background

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a rare causative pathogen of brain abscess that is often found in immunocompromised patients. Although patients with supratentorial listerial abscesses showed a longer survival with surgical drainage, the standard therapy for patients with subtentorial lesions has not been established.

Case Report

We report herein a patient with supra- and subtentorial brain abscesses caused by L. monocytogenes infection. These abscesses did not respond to antibiotics, and his symptoms gradually worsened. Drainage was not indicated for subtentorial lesions, and the patient was additionally treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which dramatically reduced the volume of abscesses and improved the symptoms.

Conclusions

This is the first report of drastic therapy for a patient with listerial brain abscesses involving combined antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The findings suggest that hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a good option for treating patients with deep-seated listerial abscesses and for who surgical drainage is not indicated.     

有关输尿管感染性结石的术科治疗可行性分析

输尿管结石也称尿路结石,是肾脏过滤系统中非常多发的疾病。而且男性发病率高于女性。输尿管结石中,根据其结石的成因不同,通常被划分为肌体代谢性结石和病菌感染性结石。两中不同成因的结石都会在输尿管形成息肉结晶,具有着伴随痛感等病症。咎其治疗方案最为常用,也最为有效的就是通过开放性手术治疗摘取结石晶体。     

口腔颌面外科手术病人口腔感染的临床特点和危险因素分析

目的 探讨口腔颌面外科手术口腔感染的临床特点和相关因素,并分析护理效果。方法 收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院2015年1—12月的809例口腔颌面外科手术的病人为对照组,分析术后口腔感染发生率、病原菌种类以及影响因素,由此提出预防性护理措施。然后收集该院2016年1—12月的939例口腔颌面外科手术的病人为观察组,进行护理干预,比较对照组和观察组病人口腔感染率、口腔评分和病人对护理的满意度。结果 对照组口腔感染率为7.54%(61/809),其中口腔恶性肿瘤切除的口腔感染率最高,约为15.52%(9/58)。在61例口腔感染的病人中,真菌感染5例(8.20%),革兰阳性细菌感染36例(59.02%),革兰阴性细菌感染20例(32.78%),混合性感染27例。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析显示:手术时间、侵入性操作、围手术期预防用药、糖尿病、住院时间和手术性质是影响口腔颌面外科手术后口腔感染发生率的危险因素(P＜0.05)。观察组口腔感染率为2.45%(23/916),口腔评分为(10.36±2.44)分,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(χ2＝24.620,P＝0.000;t＝2.134,P＜0.01);观察组的满意度为89.14%,与对照组(87.54%)相比,差异无统计学意义(χ2＝1.114,P＝0.296)。结论 口腔恶性肿瘤切除的口腔感染率最高;手术时间、侵入性操作、围手术期预防用药、糖尿病、住院时间和手术性质等均是影响口腔颌面外科手术后口腔感染发生率的独立危险因素;针对口腔颌面外科手术后口腔感染的相关影响因素进行预防性护理,可显著降低手术病人的口腔感染率,提高病人的口腔评分。     

血糖控制优化方案在肝胆外科术后应激性高血糖病人中的应用

目的 探讨血糖控制优化方案(BGCOP)在肝胆外科术后应激性高血糖(SHG)病人中的应用效果。 方法 采用简单化随机分组法将2015年1—12月山东大学齐鲁医院86名符合条件的肝胆外科病人分为试验组(43例)和对照组(43例)。试验组采取BGCOP控制血糖,对照组采取常规胰岛素强化治疗方案(CIIT)控制血糖。比较术后两组病人的血糖控制效果、不良反应发生率和并发症发生率。 结果 两组病人的一般资料在年龄、体质指数(BMI)、急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHE)等方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),对后续研究没有影响。试验组采取BGCOP方案后血糖控制到目标值的时间为(4.54±1.51)h,对照组采用CIIT方案后血糖控制到目标值的时间为(8.54±2.68)h,试验组采用BGCOP方案后血糖控制到目标值的时间明显低于对照组,高血糖指数(0.86±0.24)也明显低于对照组(1.97±0.94),差异有统计学意义(t=8.724,t=7.895,P＜0.001);试验组病人50%葡萄糖救援、低血糖、严重低血糖发生率明显低于对照组,均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组病人发生高渗性昏迷的比率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);试验组病人发生肺部感染、腹部感染和切口感染的比率明显低于对照组病人,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论 与CIIT相比,BGCOP方案能更有效地控制肝胆外科术后SHG病人的血糖水平。     

Use of Oversized Injectable Valves in Growing Children for Total Repair of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Anomalies (Preliminary Results)

Right ventricular outflow tract surgery was originally confined to transannular patching, in the belief that pulmonary regurgitation was well tolerated. Because follow-up evaluations revealed the deleterious effects of pulmonary regurgitation, surgery today aims to spare or replace the valve. Available replacement devices have short lifetimes, considering growth mismatch in children. We hypothesize that oversizing the right infundibulum anticipates growth and that a squeezed prosthesis can complete the expansion process.The No-React^® Injectable BioPulmonic Valve is designed for right infundibular surgery in adults, and hundreds of implants have shown promising results. We used this device for surgery in babies, with the addition of an innovative oversizing technique. This study evaluates our preliminary results and investigates whether such a technique might reduce growth mismatch.From September 2010 through July 2012, we implanted 11 injectable pulmonic valves. The median age of our patients was 23 months. After opening the right infundibulum, we enlarged it as much as possible with a wide patch. Before completing the patch suture, we injected an oversized valve.No problems occurred during surgery. No major insufficiency or leak was observed. We conclude that prostheses can be quite oversized and perform well even when not completely expanded.Oversized injectable pulmonic valves, shrunken to a smaller diameter, enabled the implantation of a device wider than otherwise possible, without affecting performance. Moreover, the prosthesis tended to return to its original size following growth, thereby reducing growth mismatch. Longer follow-up and larger numbers of patients are needed for verification.     

Anticoagulation with Bivalirudin during Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in a Patient with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a well-recognized complication of anticoagulation with heparin. We present the case of a patient with recent heparin-induced thrombocytopenia who subsequently needed surgery on an emergency basis for acute type A aortic dissection. This article reports the successful use of bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor, as an alternative to heparin throughout cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. We contend that bivalirudin is a safe alternative to heparin when performing surgery for aortic dissection and should be considered as an option for use in patients who present with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.