肠系膜上动脉灌注化疗治疗大网膜转移癌所致肠梗阻的疗效观察

目的探讨肠系膜上动脉灌注化疗治疗大网膜转移癌所致肠梗阻的治疗效果,为临床治疗恶性肠梗阻提供参考。方法 115例因大网膜转移癌患者存在腹痛、腹胀、无排气排便伴或不伴有恶心、呕吐等肠梗阻症状、腹部增强CT明确腹膜转移结节、腹部立位X线平片证实存在肠管扩张、肠内积气伴或不伴有液平等肠梗阻表现、腹部彩色多普勒超声明确腹水情况,随机分为动脉灌注化疗组58例和对照组57例,分别行肠系膜上动脉灌注化疗和内科姑息治疗。比较两组肠梗阻缓解时间、腹水消退情况、治疗效果及患者生存时间,并观察肠系膜上动脉灌注化疗的不良反应。结果动脉灌注化疗组患者腹胀及腹痛缓解时间、恢复排气时间及恢复排便时间均显著短于对照组(t=3.22、5.60、3.81,P<0.05),肠道通畅维持时间较对照组显著延长(t=9.05,P<0.01),腹水改善情况(75.0%)明显较对照组(33.3%)好(χ2=11.35,P<0.01)。动脉灌注化疗组肠梗阻治疗有效率为82.8%,显著高于对照组的42.1%(χ2=14.55,P<0.01);动脉灌注化疗组生存时间(5.3±1.2)个月,较对照组的(2.8±0.9)个月显著延长(P<0.01)。动脉灌注化疗组27例(46.6%)发生腹泻,血液系统及肝肾功能损害较小。结论采用肠系膜上动脉灌注化疗治疗大网膜转移癌所致肠梗阻疗效较好,能够在短期内缓解肠梗阻症状,不良反应少,可以延长患者的生存期。     

Triple labrum tears repaired with the JuggerKnot? soft anchor: Technique and results

Purpose:The 2-year outcomes of patients undergoing repair of triple labrum tears using an all-suture anchor device were assessed.Results:Overall total CS and FLEX-SF scores increased from 52.9 ± 20.4 to 84.3 ± 10.7 (P < 0.0001) and from 29.3 ± 4.7 to 42.0 ± 7.3 (P < 0.0001), respectively. When divided into two groups by whether or not glenohumeral arthrosis was present at the time of surgery (n = 9 each group), significant improvements in CS and FLEX-SF were obtained for both groups (P < 0.0015). There were no intraoperative complications. All patients, including contact athletes, returned to their preinjury level of sports activity and were satisfied. MRI evaluation revealed no instances of subchondral cyst formation or tunnel expansion. Anchor tracts appeared to heal with fibrous tissue, complete bony healing, or combined fibro-osseous healing.Conclusion:Our results are encouraging, demonstrating a consistent healing of the anchor tunnels through arthroscopic treatment of complex labrum lesions with a completely suture-based implant. It further demonstrates a meaningful improvement in patient outcomes, a predictable return to activity, and a high rate of patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV case series.     

Neural underpinnings of superior action prediction abilities in soccer players

The ability to form anticipatory representations of ongoing actions is crucial for effective interactions in dynamic environments. In sports, elite athletes exhibit greater ability than novices in predicting other players’ actions, mainly based on reading their body kinematics. This superior perceptual ability has been associated with a modulation of visual and motor areas by visual and motor expertise. Here, we investigated the causative role of visual and motor action representations in experts’ ability to predict the outcome of soccer actions. We asked expert soccer players (outfield players and goalkeepers) and novices to predict the direction of the ball after perceiving the initial phases of penalty kicks that contained or not incongruent body kinematics. During the task, we applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Results showed that STS-rTMS disrupted performance in both experts and novices, especially in those with greater visual expertise (i.e. goalkeepers). Conversely, PMd-rTMS impaired performance only in expert players (i.e. outfield players and goalkeepers), who exhibit strong motor expertise into facing domain-specific actions in soccer games. These results provide causative evidence of the complimentary functional role of visual and motor action representations in experts’ action prediction.     

A specific hypoactivation of right temporo-parietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus in response to socially awkward situations in autism

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty comprehending social situations in the complex, dynamic contexts encountered in the real world. To study the social brain under conditions which approximate naturalistic situations, we measured brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants watched a full-length episode of the sitcom The Office. Having quantified the degree of social awkwardness at each moment of the episode, as judged by an independent sample of controls, we found that both individuals with ASD and control participants showed reliable activation of several brain regions commonly associated with social perception and cognition (e.g. those comprising the ‘mentalizing network’) during the more awkward moments. However, individuals with ASD showed less activity than controls in a region near right temporo-parietal junction (RTPJ) extending into the posterior end of the right superior temporal sulcus (RSTS). Further analyses suggested that, despite the free-form nature of the experimental design, this group difference was specific to this RTPJ/RSTS area of the mentalizing network; other regions of interest showed similar activity across groups with respect to both location and magnitude. These findings add support to a body of evidence suggesting that RTPJ/RSTS plays a special role in social processes across modalities and may function atypically in individuals with ASD navigating the social world.     

Assessing head and trunk symmetry during sleep using tri-axial accelerometers

Using two types of small, lightweight tri-axial accelerometers, we obtained evidence for the effectiveness of an approach for assessing head–trunk symmetrical or asymmetrical positions during sleep. First, we assessed the accuracy of our monitoring system in five healthy young adults (age range, 22–24 years). The participants wore acceleration monitors on the sternum and forehead; then spent 5?min in six different positions. Once accuracy was confirmed, we assessed head–trunk symmetry during night-time sleep in 10 healthy children (age range, 3–13 years) and 10 young adults (age range, 21–26 years) in their home environments. All participants wore the monitors during one night’s sleep in their homes. After computing head–trunk positions using the orientation data obtained by the accelerometers, head and trunk symmetry were evaluated. The head and trunk positions were correctly detected: the positional data from the trunk had 99% agreement, and the data from the head had 96% agreement. Both the young adults and children were observed to spend time with the head–trunk in asymmetric positions; however, the subjects changed position frequently so the asymmetrical postures were mobile. We concluded that the proposed monitoring system is a reliable and valid approach for assessing head–trunk symmetry during sleep at home.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• We propose a head and trunk symmetry monitoring system using accelerometers.

• The proposed system could accurately identify head and trunk position.

• Asymmetrical positioning was seen in healthy participants but it was not immobile.

     

Impact of the supine position versus left horizontal position on colonoscopy insertion: a 2-center,randomized controlled trial

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俯卧位肺复张对改善重症肺部感染低氧血症患者氧合指数肺内分流作用及对血流动力学的影响分析

目的:探讨俯卧位肺复张对改善重症肺部感染低氧血症患者氧合指数、肺内分流的作用及对血流动力学的影响。方法:选取本院2011年10月至2013年12月诊治的重症肺部感染低氧血症患者52例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,26例患者实施仰卧位肺复张为对照组,26例患者实施俯卧位肺复张为观察组,比较两组患者基础指标的改变情况、氧合指数与肺内分流状况、血流动力学指标的改变情况、不良反应情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者血氧饱和度、氧合指数均显著增加,而Qs/QT均显著降低。观察组患者血氧饱和度、氧合指数均明显高于对照组,观察组患者Qs/QT明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺复张时,两组患者中心静脉压、心脏排血指数、每博指数、全心舒张期末容积指数、全心射血分数均显著降低,而全身血管阻力均显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:俯卧位肺复张可明显改善重症肺部感染低氧血症患者的氧合指数,可有效减少肺内分流,对血流动力学的影响较轻,不良反应少且安全性高,值得临床推广使用。     

Position statement on opportunistic genomic screening from the Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors (UK and Ireland)

The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics released recommendations for reporting incidental findings (IFs) in clinical exome and genome sequencing. These suggest ‘opportunistic genomic screening'' should be available to both adults and children each time a sequence is done and would be undertaken without seeking preferences from the patient first. Should opportunistic genomic screening be implemented in the United Kingdom, the Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors (AGNC), which represents British and Irish genetic counsellors and nurses, feels strongly that the following must be considered (see article for complete list): (1) Following appropriate genetic counselling, patients should be allowed to consent to or opt out of opportunistic genomic screening. (2) If true IFs are discovered the AGNC are guided by the report from the Joint Committee on Medical Genetics about the sharing of genetic testing results. (3) Children should not be routinely tested for adult-onset conditions. (4) The formation of a list of variants should involve a representative from the AGNC as well as a patient support group. (5) The variants should be for serious or life-threatening conditions for which there are treatments or preventative strategies available. (6) There needs to be robust evidence that the benefits of opportunistic screening outweigh the potential harms. (7) The clinical validity and utility of variants should be known. (8) There must be a quality assurance framework that operates to International standards for laboratory testing. (9) Psychosocial research is urgently needed in this area to understand the impact on patients.