泌尿外科绝对平卧位患者早期护理干预对压疮预防的效果

目的:探讨对泌尿外科疾病中需要绝对平卧位的患者早期施行护理干预,观察其压疮的发生情况.方法:将行肾脏手术后医嘱予绝对平卧位或入院时诊断为肾脏闭合性挫裂伤行保守治疗的患者40例,随机分为对照组20例,干预组20例.干预组在医嘱为绝对平卧位后,施行护理干预,对照组予常规护理.结果:干预组压疮发生例数为0,对照组发生压疮6例,两组在压疮的发生率上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:护理干预可明显减少绝对平卧位患者压疮的发生率,减少了患者的痛苦,提高了护理质量.     

食品药品检验系统质量管理岗位分级模式调研与分析

目的：在食品药品检验机构科室内部设立质量管理员,利用质量管理员的在线监督,保证检验科室全部要素始终处于正确、有效的状态,弥补所级质管部门在持续覆盖全面质量管理和监督工作内容方面的局限性,促进实验室质量管理体系的有效运行。方法：通过设计调查表及调查结果的统计,充分了解检验一线对质量管理员的岗位职责需求。结果与结论：明确科室质量管理员的岗位职责、工作重点、检查频次及人员条件,是质量管理岗位分级模式运行方案的基础。质量管理分级模式的试运行,是一次由内而外的质量改变,不仅将检验一线希望重点关注和提升检验质量的想法付诸行动,而且已初显成效。     

A Posttraumatic Dilated,Proptotic Eye Does Not Always Need a Lateral Canthotomy! A Review of Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome for Emergency Physicians

BackgroundSuperior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS) is a rare constellation of findings consisting of ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, a fixed dilated pupil, forehead anesthesia, and loss of the corneal reflex. This syndrome, though rare, is most often encountered in trauma with individuals sustaining a facial fracture.Case ReportWe present a case of a young woman who was diagnosed with SOFS after a fall in her house, hitting her face on a nightstand. Treatment consisted of high-dose i.v. steroids followed by a taper with close follow-up in the Ophthalmology clinic. We provide a brief review of SOFS, including treatment considerations and follow-up.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?SOFS can be easily overlooked in an individual presenting to the emergency department after facial trauma with proptosis. However, a thorough examination of the eye, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure will focus the physician on SOFS rather than the need for immediate decompression via lateral canthotomy. This report describes a traumatic cause of SOFS, the pathophysiology and treatment, and summarizes existing literature.     

Normalizing serial position analyses: The Proportional Accountability algorithm

We compare the oft-cited Wing & Baddeley approach for normalizing serial position errors with an approach that we believe more accurately reflects the underlying process. We argue that the Wing & Baddeley approach inadequately normalizes the allocation of errors to each serial position, and that a number of seminal publications have inadvertently referred to biased results as a consequence.     

Effects of initial foot position on postural responses to lateral standing surface perturbations in younger and older adults

BackgroundAn age-related decline in standing balance control in the medio-lateral direction is associated with increased risk of falls. A potential approach to improve postural stability is to change initial foot position (IFP).Research questionsIn response to a lateral surface perturbation, how are lower extremity muscle activation levels different and what are the effects of different IFPs on muscle activation patterns and postural stability in younger versus older adults?MethodsTen younger and ten older healthy adults participated in this study. Three IFPs were tested [Reference (REF): feet were placed parallel, shoulder-width apart; Toes-out with heels together (TOHT): heels together with toes pointing outward; Modified Semi-Tandem (M-ST): the heel of the anterior foot was placed by the big toe of the posterior foot]. Unexpected lateral translations of the standing surface were applied. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lower extremity muscles, standard deviation (SD) of the body’s CoM acceleration (SD of CoMAccel), and center of pressure (CoP) sway area were compared across IFPs and age.ResultsActivation levels of the muscles serving the ankle and gluteus medius were greater than for the knee joint muscles and gluteus maximus in the loaded leg across all IFPs in both groups. TOHT showed greater EMG peak amplitude of the soleus and fibularis longus compared to REF, and had smaller SD of CoMAccel and CoP sway area than M-ST. Compared to younger adults, older adults demonstrated lower EMG peak amplitude and delayed peak timing of the fibularis longus and greater SD of CoMAccel and CoP sway area in all IFPs during balance recovery.SignificanceDuring standing balance recovery, ankle muscles and gluteus medius are important active responders to unexpected lateral surface perturbations and a toes-out IFP could be a viable option to enhance ankle muscle activation that diminishes with age to improve postural stability.     

1例小儿半坐位颅内斜坡巨大脊索瘤切除的围术期护理

目的:总结了1例小儿半坐位颅内斜坡巨大脊索瘤切除的围术期护理对策。方法:术前通过全面的评估以及多学科联合方案的制定,做好患儿及家属的心理工作,完善术前的准备,术中严密警惕静脉空气栓塞,术后密切观察直立性低血压、张力性颅内积气的发生,积极预防和处理并发症,完善出院指导。结果:术后4周病人康复出院。结论:多学科合作及完善的围术期护理可以减少半坐位斜坡脊索瘤术后的并发症,提高病人生存质量。     

上颌前磨牙牙根及根管形态的锥形束CT研究

目的研究上颌前磨牙牙根形态、三根管的发生率和根管解剖形态,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法选取珠海市口腔医院412名患者,共779颗上颌第一前磨牙,728颗上颌第二前磨牙的锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)扫描数据,分析上颌前磨牙的牙根及根管形态,三根管的发生率、双侧对称性、根管分叉位置等。结果上颌第一前磨牙三根管发生率为1.8%,上颌第二前磨牙三根管发生率为0.3%,上颌第一前磨牙三根管发生率显著高于上颌第二前磨牙(X^2=8.304,P=0.004)。上颌第一前磨牙三根管对称率为27.3%,上颌第二前磨牙无对称三根管结构出现。上颌前磨牙解剖形态可为单根、双牙根或三牙根,其内部根管形态复杂,存在七种Vertucci根管类型,上颌第一前磨牙以VertucciⅣ型为主,上颌第二前磨牙则以VertucciⅠ型常见。三根管上颌前磨牙的根管分叉位置多见于根中或根上1/3,16颗三根管上颌前磨牙都具有三个独立的根尖孔。结论上颌前磨牙根管形态复杂多变,CBCT对发现变异和额外根管具有重要辅助作用。     

骨性Ⅱ类患者上气道形态及舌骨位置与颅颌面骨形态的相关性研究

目的　通过锥形束CT（CBCT）探究骨性Ⅱ类患者上气道形态及舌骨位置与颅颌面骨形态的相关性。方法  按纳入标准选取2016—2019年就诊于山西医科大学第一医院口腔科的60例患者的CBCT影像资料,并将其分为骨性Ⅰ类组、骨性Ⅱ类上颌前突组和骨性Ⅱ类下颌后缩组,每组20例。应用Dolphin11.95软件进行上气道的三维重建,测量颌骨形态、上气道形态及舌骨位置,对数据进行统计学分析。结果　上气道鼻咽段和腭咽段的容积及最小横截面积与SNA（蝶鞍中心、鼻根点及下齿槽座点所构成角）、ANS-PNS距（前后鼻棘点间距）呈正相关,骨性Ⅱ类上颌越前突上气道鼻咽段和腭咽段的容积及最小横截面积越大。上气道舌咽段和喉咽段的容积及最小横截面积与SNB（蝶鞍中心、鼻根点及下齿槽座点所构成角）、Go-Gn（下颌体长度）呈正相关,骨性Ⅱ类下颌越后缩上气道舌咽段和喉咽段的容积及最小横截面积越小。舌骨位置的测量指标H-VPS三组之间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论　上气道各段的形态与其周围的颅颌面骨形态有着紧密的关联,上气道、颌骨及舌骨之间的关系密不可分。