Relationship between venous return and right-atrial pressure

The dynamics and amplitude of changes in venous return and right atrial pressure (central venous pressure) in response to pressor stimuli were studied in acute experiments on cats. The increase in venous return was accompanied by either increase, or decrease in the central venous pressure. Thus, shifts in systemic venous return were not accompanied by simultaneous and co-directed changes in the central venous pressure. These findings suggest the absence of a direct relationship between these parameters.     

国产吻缝合器在超低位直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的：探讨国产吻、缝合器在超低位直肠前切除术中的应用。方法：对27例直肠癌患者行超低位直肠前切除,应用上海产金钟牌缝合器、吻合器,进行结肠－直肠吻合。结果：本组根治性切除25例（92．6％）;1例发生吻合口瘘,发生率为3．7％;吻合口狭窄3例,发生率为11．1％,均经保守治疗治愈。结论：合理使用国产缝合器、吻合器可完成超低位直肠癌的保肛手术,可达保肛、根治、降低费用、减少并发症的目的。     

小脑梗死的临床研究现状

小脑动脉属椎、基底动脉的长旋支 ,供血范围主要包括小脑、脑干外侧部及被盖部。小脑梗死好发于 6 0～ 80岁男性 ,根据影像学改变可分为区域性和非区域性两大类。缺血机制不同 ,临床表现及预后差异较大。本文重点阐述小脑梗死的发病机制、各小脑动脉闭塞时的临床 -解剖相关性和预后。     

持续性枕后位的处理

目的：探讨如何处理持续性枕后位,以尽可能减少母儿并发症。方法：总结分析了１２０例持续性枕后位的孕周、胎儿体重、产重长短对分娩方式的影响以及不同分娩方式对母儿的影响。结果：当孕周大于等于４０周,胎儿体重大于等于３５００ｇ,潜伏期大于８ｈ,活跃期大于４ｈ时,剖宫产率明显增高,持续性枕后位所致的产程延长及手术助产增加了新生儿窒息率和产妇的并发症。结论：对持续性枕后位应正确观察处理各产程,早期诊断,充分估计其阴道分娩的可能性,对不适于阴道分娩者,应果断行剖宫产术,以降低母儿并发症。［     

带血管蒂锁骨内侧端骨膜、骨瓣移位术的应用解剖

目的 :为带血管蒂锁骨内侧端骨膜、骨瓣转位术提供解剖学基础。方法 :在 30侧成人尸体标本上 ,观察了甲状腺上动脉胸锁乳突肌支的走行、分支、分布及吻合 ,并在标本上模拟术式设计。结果 :恒定起源的甲状腺上动脉胸锁乳突肌支游离长度达 8cm以上 ,外径 1.4± 0 .3mm。 90 .0 %终支直接达锁骨 ,10 .0 %与颈横动脉 (肩胛上动脉 )锁骨支吻合间接达锁骨。结论 :以甲状腺上动脉胸锁乳突肌支为蒂锁骨内侧端骨膜、骨瓣转位修复下颌骨缺损或行颈椎前方植骨融合具有可行性。     

Premature infants in car seats: effect of sleep state on breathing

SUMMARY  Previous studies have shown that premature infants may be at risk for hypoxemia and bradycardia when placed in standard car seats. However, the relationship of such breathing abnormalities to sleep state have not been studied. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of car seat positioning on respiratory patterns in preterm infants during sleep and to evaluate their relationship to sleep state. Complete polysomnography, including sleep and breathing parameters, was performed on twenty-eight premature infants. Each infant was randomly assigned to the car seat or prone (crib) position for the first recording period. Following the recording of at least two sleep cycles, the position was reversed. The percentage of active and quiet sleep was calculated and breathing parameters were measured. In the car seat, the infants spent significantly more time in active sleep and less time in quiet sleep than in the prone position, of the respiratory parameters, periodic breathing (PB) was significantly higher in the car seat. The presence of at least one abnormal breathing events (bradycardia, desaturation, PB apnoea) was also significantly higher in the car seat. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) of PB revealed significant sleep-state effect (active vs. quiet sleep), but no significant condition or interaction effects, indicating that PB was more frequent in active sleep regardless of the sleeping condition. It is concluded that increased active sleep in the car seat condition, rather than the positioning of the infant in the seat per se, may account for the increase in periodic breathing and possibly other breathing abnormalities reported in car seats.     

Effects of benzodiazepine receptor ligands on the performance of an operant delayed matching to position task in rats: opposite effects of FG 7142 and lorazepam

The effects of a series of benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor ligands, ranging from a full agonist through to partial inverse agonists, were examined on short term working memory in the rat. The behavioural paradigm used was a discrete trial, operant delayed matching to position task, as originally described by Dunnett (1985), with delays of 0, 5, 15 and 30 s. The benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) full agonist lorazepam (0.25, 0.375 and 0.5 mg/kg) dose and delay dependently impaired matching accuracy. Lorazepam also increased the latency to respond and decreased the number of nose pokes made into the food tray during the delays. In contrast, the BZR partial agonist ZK 95 962 (1, 3, 10 mg/kg) did not affect matching accuracy, but did increase the speed of responding. The BZR antagonist ZK 93 426 (1.25, 5, 25 mg/kg) had no effects in this paradigm. The BZR weak partial inverse agonists Ro 15-4513 (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) and ZK 90 886 (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) did not affect accuracy of performance. However, both of these drugs increased the latency to respond and decreased nose poke responses. These motoric effects were particularly strong following 10 mg/kg Ro 15-4513. This shows that the effects of drugs on the accuracy of responding and on the speed of responding can be dissociated. The BZR partial inverse agonist FG 7142 had effects on matching accuracy that were dependent upon dose. The lowest dose of FG 7142 (1 mg/kg) significantly improved accuracy, whereas the highest dose (10 mg/kg) impaired accuracy. This impairment induced by FG 7142 (10 mg/kg) was accompanied by an increase in the latency to respond and a decrease in the number of nose pokes. Taken together, these results show that the accuracy of delayed matching performance can be modulated in opposite ways by the BZR full agonist lorazepam and a low dose of the BZR partial inverse agonist, FG 7142.     

颅骨翼区形态观测

目的：积累解剖学资料,为临床诊断与治疗提供解剖学基础。方法：对翼区及其周围形态结构进行解剖学观测及统计学处理。结果：进行了翼区分型、翼区中点定位、翼区中点与脑膜中动脉沟前支关系、颧骨额突上角、下角及颧弓形态的观察。结论：翼区分型结果与文献记载相似,翼上骨各型比例与文献记载有异,翼区中定位以双水平距与垂直距共同定位较为简便而准确,翼区中点多位于脑膜中动脉沟前支前上方,颧骨额突上、下角及颧弓形态各不相同。     

伴有相关疾病的先天性上斜肌麻痹及手术治疗

目的：探讨伴有相关疾病的先天性上斜肌麻痹的诊断与治疗方法,以获得满意的手术效果。方法：查清相关病的病因,排除其对眼部的影响;结合上斜肌检查,确定眼科手术方式和手术量,保证安全地实施手术。结果：使１４例伴有相关疾病的先天性上斜肌麻痹的患者安全地实施了手术,不正常的眼位和头位得到了满意矫正。结论：伴有相关疾病的先天性上斜肌麻痹是较难诊治的眼病;只要设法排除相关疾病对眼部体征的影响,选择适当的手术方式和手术量,就能获得满意的手术效果     

Use of sclera and liquid collagen in the camouflage of superior sulcus deformities

The cosmetic deformities following enucleation are often unavoidable. Loss of orbital volume and atrophy of orbital fat create significant enophthalmos. The literature is filled with numerous procedures that add to the orbital volume of the anophthalmic socket. An outline of three procedures to the upper eyelid to camouflage an enophthalmic appearance are presented. These can be used alone or in conjunction with an "orbital volume increasing" procedure. Two procedures can be used in an office setting to alleviate small deformities; 19 patients have been treated in this manner with a follow-up period of up to 26 months.