Incidental finding of arteria lusoria during transradial coronary catheterization: Significance in interventional cardiology

Arteria lusoria is the most common anomaly of the aortic arch with an incidence of 0.5%–2.5%. It is mostly diagnosed incidentally while performing imaging for evaluation of other unrelated medical conditions. The aberrant right subclavian artery arises beyond the origin of the left subclavian artery from the aortic arch. This results in a complex right‐subclavian‐aortic anatomy which leads to difficulty in transradial coronary angiography. This can lead to prolonged procedure time and increased use of catheters by unaware interventionists. This is even more important if this is encountered in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction. Our review takes into account clinical significance of this uncommon anomaly in the field of interventional cardiology.     

锁骨下静脉穿刺置中心静脉导管并发症的护理对策

经锁骨下静脉穿刺置中心静脉导管应用于患,长期间歇使用化疗药物或静脉高营养,给患带来了便利。但护理不恰当会引起并发症的出现,常见的并发症有导管破裂或脱出、管腔阻塞、误刺锁骨下动脉,此外气胸及感染威胁着患的生命,并发症的出现给护理也带来了障碍。做好中心静脉导管护理能安全保证患长期建立中心静脉通道,有助提高患生存质量。     

Application of transesophageal echocardiography for localization in totally implantable venous access port implantation through subclavian approach in children

A totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) is important in children who need intravenous infusion for a long time. A number of studies have shown methods for locating the tip of the TIVAP catheter. To explore whether transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) can be used to accurately locate the TIVAP catheter tip through a subclavian approach and to improve the rate of correct TIVAP catheter placement and reduce complications of TIVAP placement. In 36 children who needed TIVAP implantation surgery, we used real‐time TEE guidance to place the catheter tip around the crista terminalis. In all children, chest X‐rays were used to figure out whether the catheter tip as localized by TEE was within the T5‐T7 segment. Then, we compared the length of the catheter calculated by the height formula and the actual catheter length applied under TEE guidance. The medical records, surgical details, nursing records, and recorded complications were collected during the follow‐up. The success rate of TIVAP implantation was 100% in all enrolled patients and no hemopneumothorax or pinch‐off syndrome occurred. Compared with TEE, chest X‐ray showed a coincidence rate of 80.56% in correctly detecting the TIVAP catheter tip locate. The height‐derived catheter length (11.0 [9.6, 11.8]) cm and the TEE‐derived catheter length (10.0 [9.3, 10.8]) cm were significantly different (p < .001). TEE can be used to guide TIVAP catheter positioning through a left subclavian approach in children accurately and successfully and more accurate than chest X‐ray and height calculation formula.     

主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的:总结主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗经验。方法:3例右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉(迷走左锁骨下动脉型)合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的患者经胸部右后外切口行胸降主动脉置换术、迷走左锁骨下动脉缝扎术。结果:3例患者均痊愈出院,住院天数7～10 d,无左上肢缺血症状及神经系统并发症。结论:主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行胸降主动脉置换术方法可行,临床疗效满意,术中判断后行迷走左锁骨下动脉缝扎术,可简化手术方式,但应避免术后左上肢缺血坏死。     

Subclavian angioplasty: Immediate and late results in 50 patients

In order to assess the therapeutic outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for subclavian stenosis, 50 patients were followed up clinically as well as with a velocimetric Doppler after attempted angioplasty. A minimal clinical follow-up of 9 months was expected. Subclavian stenoses were due to atheroma in 49 patients and to Takayasu's disease in 1 case. Indication of angioplasty was curative in 34 (68%) symptomatic patients (posterior fossa ischemia and/or upper limb ischemia) and preventive in 16 (32%) asymptomatic patients (severe difference of blood pressure between the 2 arms and/or association with carotid stenosis or axillo-femoral bypass). Angioplasty was successful in 45 patients (primary success rate = 90%). Three (6%) thrombosis occurred due to the percutaneous approach, one of the axillary and one of the brachial artery without any significant sequelae, and one of the aorta requiring an aorto-bifemoral bypass. A complication occurred in 2 unsuccessful angioplasties (4%): an ischemic stroke occurred in 1 case and a thrombosis of the dilated site requiring a surgical bypass. Clinical follow-up over a period of 9–101 months (mean = 41) was performed in 43 out of the 45 patients who had undergone angioplasty successfully. Two patients had a follow-up shorter than 9 months: one died after 5 months, the other was lost to follow-up. By the end of the clinical follow-up, 37 (84%) out of the 44 followed-up patients had benefitted from the procedure. Doppler study performed in 35 out of the 44 followed-up patients (80%) over a period of 2–90 months (mean = 39) showed 5 restenosis (14%). This study demonstrates the good long-term results of angioplasty in case of subclavian artery stenosis. Though there are complications, angioplasty could be proposed as a first choice treatment for subclavian stenosis as compared to surgery. Indications in asymptomatic patients should be carefully weighed as complications may occur. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

经锁骨下静脉床旁紧急心脏临时起搏12例分析

目的:总结经左锁骨下静脉插入导管床边紧急心脏临时起搏在急诊抢救中的应用。方法:12例阿-斯综合征、心脏骤停患者在急诊床边经锁骨下静脉插入带指引钢丝临时起搏导管,应用AXQ-3体外起搏器,边起搏边推送电极导管,紧急心脏起搏。结果:12例均起搏成功,达到有效起搏时间为3～9分钟,效果恒定、可靠。结论:该法起效快,疗效肯定,急诊应用,可缩短有效起搏时间,使更多危重者获救。     

单分支术支架人工血管在孙氏手术中的应用

目的:探讨在主动脉夹层外科手术中,单分支术中支架血管是否与传统支架血管具有同等临床疗效及其技术简化作用。方法:将2011年1月至2012年2月,安贞医院收治的Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者按照入选、排除标准和知情同意原则,分为应用单分支术中支架人工血管的A组和应用传统术中支架血管的B组,分别行孙氏手术。结果:入组病例共63例,A组13例和B组50例,两组病死率(7.7%vs.6.0%,P>0.05)差异无统计学意义。两组手术时间、CPB时间、心脏阻断时间、停循环+选择性脑灌注时间、ICU时间、呼吸机时间和并发症发生率等,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组内漏发生率、支架打折率和支架段假腔闭合率等差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05),无支架移位病例。结论:应用单分支术中支架人工血管,在降低孙氏手术的手术难度的同时,达到了与传统术中支架血管同等的临床疗效,证明应用单分支术中支架人工血管的孙氏手术治疗A型主动脉夹层的可行性。     

Adjuvant chemotherapy of soft-part sarcomas with ALOMAD (S4)

The clinical need for central venous cannulation has been well established. The usual route for catheter placement is by either the subclavian or internal jugular vein. No randomized, prospective evaluation has been yet conducted to determine which of these approaches, if either, is better with respect to reliability, placement, and frequency of nonseptic complications. One hundred consecutive patients requiring elective central venous cannulation were randomized to either the subclavian or internal jugular route. Successful venipuncture and catheter passage were significantly more common with the subclavian route, and in the absence of special clinical situations, it appears to be the route of choice.     

Cortical blindness after subclavian arteriography

Transient cortical blindness is a rare complication of angiographic contrast use. A 64‐year‐old man experienced transient cortical blindness after subclavian arteriography for an occluded axillofemoral graft. The literature on transient cortical blindness is reviewed.     

Hemodynamic Effects of Innominate Artery Occlusive Disease on Anterior Cerebral Artery

Stenoses of the innominate artery (IA) may affect flow conditions in the carotid arteries. However, alternating flow in ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) due to IA stenosis is extremely rare. A 49-year-old woman who was evaluated for symptomatic cerebrovascular disease presented with right latent subclavian and right carotid system steal. Transcranial Doppler examination displayed systolic deceleration wave-forms in the right terminal internal carotid artery and alternating flow in the right ACA. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated tight stenosis of the right IA. For a thorough study of the hemodynamic effects of IA stenosis, a combination of duplex and transcranial Doppler examination is required.