他汀类药物神经保护作用的研究进展

他汀类药物治疗能够显著降低卒中发生率和减轻缺血性脑损伤,通过多种不同的机制发挥神经保护作用,包括稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块、改善内皮功能、减轻炎症反应和再灌注损伤。另外,他汀类药物还能通过阻止β-淀粉样蛋白形成和减少载脂蛋白E分泌而减少痴呆的发生。     

他汀联合依折麦布与双倍剂量他汀对冠心病患者MACE影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价他汀联合依折麦布与双倍剂量他汀对冠心病患者主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的影响,为临床治疗提供参考。方法计算机检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、CNKI、CSTJ、CBMdisc以及万方医学网,收集他汀联合依折麦布(联合组)对比双倍剂量他汀(他汀组)治疗冠心病患者的随机对照研究,提取相关资料并按照修改后的Jadad评分量表评价纳入研究质量,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入29篇30项随机对照研究,合计4 757例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与他汀组比较,联合组MACE(P=0.03)、再发心绞痛(P0.001)和再发心肌梗死(P0.001)明显降低;而两组心源性死亡、血运重建、心力衰竭及卒中发生率差异无显著性。与他汀组比较,联合组转氨酶升高(P0.001)、肌酸激酶升高(P=0.02)和肌损伤发生率(P0.001)等显著降低。根据他汀种类和剂量进行亚组分析,结果显示,10 mg依折麦布+20 mg阿托伐他汀组降低MACE(P=0.02)、心肌梗死发生率(P=0.003)较阿托伐他汀40 mg组更具优势。随访时间长短对研究结果未见影响。结论对于冠心病患者,联合组治疗较他汀组在心绞痛、心肌梗死方面获益明显,心源性死亡和卒中方面差异无显著性,且不良反应发生率显著减少。     

他汀类药物与新发糖尿病

大量临床试验表明他汀类药物使心血管疾病患者临床明显获益。近期临床研究提示他汀增加新发糖尿病风险,他汀与新发糖尿病的关系引起广泛关注。现有临床证据显示,尽管他汀增加新发糖尿病的风险,但他汀治疗明显降低心血管事件,新增糖尿病的风险远低于其心血管获益。由于老年人使用他汀类药物新发糖尿病的风险高于年轻人群,特别是使用大剂量他汀类药物时,需监测血糖。目前,尚无证据表明他汀相关的新发糖尿病会增加心血管风险。     

Statins use and its impact in EGFR‐TKIs resistance to prolong the survival of lung cancer patients: A Cancer registry cohort study in Taiwan

Statins have been shown to be a beneficial treatment as chemotherapy and target therapy for lung cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of statins in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for the resistance and mortality of lung cancer patients. A population‐based cohort study was conducted using the Taiwan Cancer Registry database. From January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2012, in total 792 non‐statins and 41 statins users who had undergone EGFR‐TKIs treatment were included in this study. All patients were monitored until the event of death or when changed to another therapy. Kaplan‐Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate overall survival. We found that the mortality was significantly lower in patients in the statins group compared with patients in the non‐statins group (4‐y cumulative mortality, 77.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 36.6%‐81.4% vs. 85.5%; 95% CI, 78.5%‐98%; P = .004). Statin use was associated with a reduced risk of death in patients the group who had tumor sizes <3 cm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51, 95% CI, 0.29‐0.89) and for patients in the group who had CCI scores <3 (HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.41‐0.88; P = .009). In our study, statins were found to be associated with prolonged survival time in patients with lung cancer who were treated with EGFR‐TKIs and played a synergistic anticancer role.     

冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块消退研究进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生与低密度脂蛋白及炎症反应、内皮功能减退等有关。近年来多项临床试验证实早期强化应用他汀类药物可以通过降低低密度脂蛋白、抗炎、改善内皮功能等途径改善急性冠脉综合征患者的预后。其中他汀类药物发挥的抗炎症反应、改善内皮功能等多效性作用日益受到重视。而应用血管内超声的研究发现强化他汀类治疗能够显著遏制甚至消退冠状动脉粥样斑块。     

急性冠脉综合征早期他汀类药物对血管内皮功能的保护作用

内皮功能障碍不仅是急性冠脉综合征的始动因子,而且是其基本病理过程易损斑块炎症破损的真正驱动因素.他汀类药物可通过提高内皮源性一氧化氮浓度、增加低密度脂蛋白的氧化阻力、抑制内皮细胞凋亡、动员骨髓内皮原祖细胞入血及扮演类似血管源性生长因子等非调脂的多向性效应,在急性冠脉综合征早期发挥保护内皮功能、抗炎、抗栓、阻遏甚至逆转粥样斑块的作用.进而快速彻底地改善其临床预后.     

Treatment of dyslipidemia in the elderly

Dyslipidemia is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis. Treating dyslipidemia in elderly patients requires specific knowledge and understanding of common dyslipidemias and the relative safety of various pharmacologic agents in the presence of possible multiple comorbidities. Lifestyle modification remains the first step in the treatment of dyslipidemia; however, it can be difficult to sustain and achieve acceptable compliance in the elderly and it is best used in combination with drug therapy. Statins are widely accepted as the first-line therapy. Several recent studies have demonstrated that statins are safe and effective in the elderly. However, it is important to note that there is very limited data regarding the effects of dyslipidemia treatment on morbidity and mortality in patients over 85 years of age. In summary, the clinicians must recognize that the presence of dyslipidemia in the elderly poses substantial risk of coronary events and stroke. The available evidence has demonstrated that in most elderly patients who are at increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, treatment of dyslipidemia with appropriate therapy reduces the risk, and when used carefully with close monitoring for safety, the treatment is generally well tolerated. With increasing life expectancy, it is critical for physicians to recognize the importance of detection and treatment of dyslipidemia in the elderly.     

他汀类药物调节凝血功能及其机制

已经证实他汀类药物的多效性对心血管具有明显的保护作用,他汀类药物从多个水平调节凝血级联反应,包括抑制凝血酶催化的凝血反应,以及增强凝血抑制物的抗凝作用,从而起到抗血栓作用。他汀类药物的多效性大多与其降低胆固醇的作用无关,其调节凝血级联反应的机制主要是抑制信号蛋白的异戊二烯化。